人格权立法之历史评析

发布时间：2019-01-18 17:43

【摘要】：《大清民律草案》吸收先进法律文化,采纳权利能力和行为能力之法律人格学说,在总则编设人格权一节,并通过总则和债权相结合的方式确立了人格权权利体系,奠定了中国人格权立法之基本走向。《民国民律草案》确认了《大清民律草案》规定的各项人格权,但总则编不再设立人格权一节,设权性规范的重点转入债编。民国民法循着《民国民律草案》的思路,人格权立法重心在债编,并增加了健康权。1986年制定的民法通则形成了开放的人格权立法构架,设专节规定人身权,并通过判例、司法解释和附属性立法,形成了人格权立法与权利体系。历史地看,中国的人格权立法始终采取总则与债权相结合的方式,只是在设权性规范的立法重心上有所变化。民法通则人格权立法则实现了从民事主体与债之关系两者结合的二元结构向主体制度、权利制度和侵权责任制度三者结合的三元结构的转变。三元结构对应的是人格权规范的三个部分,即权利主体、权利内容和权利救济。从《大清民律草案》到民法通则,人格权立法在继受与传承中悄然变化,直至断裂;而在断裂中,生命体在社会中顽强地存在,并通过立法在理性与进步中实现自觉。而支撑这种自觉的,是人格尊严得到尊重的社会文化,并提供一条通过民事整合宪政的法治路径。
[Abstract]:The draft Law on people in the Qing Dynasty absorbed advanced legal culture, adopted the legal personality theory of right capacity and behavior capacity, set up a section on personality right in the general principles, and established the system of personality right through the combination of general principles and creditor's rights. It establishes the basic trend of the legislation of personality right in China. The draft of the people's Law of the Republic of China confirms the various personality rights stipulated in the draft of the people's Law of the Qing Dynasty, but the general edition no longer establishes a section on the right of personality, and the emphasis of the norm of establishing the right of personality is transferred to the debt section. The civil law of the Republic of China followed the train of thought of the draft Law of the people of the Republic of China, and the focus of personality right legislation was on debt compilation, and it increased the right to health. The general principles of the civil law formulated in 1986 formed an open legislative framework of personality rights, with special sections providing for personal rights, and the adoption of precedents. Judicial interpretation and accessory legislation form the system of personality right legislation and rights. Historically, China's personality right legislation has always adopted the combination of general principles and creditor's rights, but has changed in the legislative focus of establishing norms. The legislation of personality right of the general principle of civil law has realized the transformation from the dual structure of the relationship between the civil subject and the debt to the triple structure of the combination of the subject system, the right system and the tort liability system. Three-element structure corresponds to three parts of personality right norm, namely right subject, right content and right remedy. From the draft of the people's Law of the Qing Dynasty to the general principles of civil law, the legislation of personality right quietly changes in the succession and inheritance until it breaks, while in the fracture, the life body tenaciously exists in the society, and realizes consciousness through legislation in the rational and progressive process. What supports this consciousness is the social culture of respect for human dignity, and provides a path of rule of law through civil integration of constitutionalism.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【分类号】：D929;D923

【参考文献】