美国第三人诉讼制度研究

发布时间：2019-01-21 14:00

【摘要】： 不管是在英美法系还是大陆法系,第三人诉讼制度都是民事诉讼中的重要制度。由于两大法系在历史传统、逻辑理念等方面的差异,关于第三人诉讼制度方面的设置和操作也有不少差别。美国是英美法系国家的代表,其第三人诉讼制度起源于普通法的实践,又在衡平法的理念中演变。现行的美国第三人诉讼制度包含引入第三人诉讼规则和第三人介入诉讼规则。两个规则设立的主要目的在于使源出于同一交易或事件的多个请求或纠纷能够在一个诉讼程序当中得到集中的解决。该制度在司法实践中发挥着举足轻重的作用。美国第三人诉讼制度设计独特,可操作性强,通过对该制度的借鉴来重塑中国的第三人诉讼制度,可以在一定程度上避免中国现行第三人制度的弊端。因此,该制度对于中国法院处理第三人诉讼案件具有非常重要的功能和价值。本文除引言与结语外,共分六章。第一章是关于美国第三人诉讼制度的概述,是全文深入研究美国第三人诉讼制度的基础。本章首先考察了美国第三人诉讼制度的构成,简要介绍引入第三人诉讼规则和第三人介入诉讼规则,然后从普通法的实践中考察美国第三人制度的起源,从衡平法的发展中探索美国第三人制度的演变,最后论述美国第三人诉讼制度的的三个最主要的价值取向。第二章是关于引入第三人规则的具体深入研究。从考察引入第三人诉讼的定义和历史沿革出发,研究该规则的具体情形和适用条件。同时涉及到了法官自由裁量权,管辖权的考察。第三章是关于第三人介入诉讼的具体深入研究。从与引入第三人规则相比较的角度,分析第三人介入诉讼规则的特点,并通过该规则在具体案件中的运用阐述介入诉讼的类型和适用条件。第四章简要分析了反诉和交叉诉讼在第三人制度的运用。反诉和交叉诉讼是美国诉讼制度当中及其富有操作性的技术规则。两个规则在第三人制度中的运用为第三人制度功能的进一步发挥起到了辅助作用。第五章是从比较法的角度分析和借鉴美国的第三人诉讼制度。美国第三人诉讼制度与大陆法系国家的第三人诉讼制度比较起来有其自身的特点和价值,前者更为注重纠纷解决的一次性和彻底性。目前,中国第三人诉讼制度存在诸多问题,已经成为民事诉讼制度改革的难点和重点。借鉴美国的第三人制度可以为中国第三人制度的改革和重塑提供一条明确而可行的思路。
[Abstract]:The third party litigation system is an important system in civil litigation, whether in common law system or civil law system. Due to the differences between the two legal systems in historical tradition, logic concept and so on, there are many differences in the setting and operation of the third party litigation system. The United States is a representative of Anglo-American legal system. Its third party litigation system originates from the practice of common law and evolves in the idea of equity. The current third-party litigation system in the United States includes the introduction of third-party litigation rules and third-party intervention rules. The main purpose of the establishment of the two rules is to enable multiple requests or disputes arising from the same transaction or event to be resolved centrally in a single proceeding. The system plays an important role in judicial practice. The third party litigation system in the United States has unique design and strong maneuverability. To some extent, it can avoid the malpractice of the current third party system in China by using the system for reference to reshape the third party litigation system in China. Therefore, this system has the very important function and the value for the Chinese court to deal with the third party lawsuit case. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the third party litigation system in the United States, which is the basis of a thorough study of the third party litigation system in the United States. This chapter first examines the constitution of the third party litigation system in the United States, briefly introduces the third party litigation rules and the third party intervention rules, and then examines the origin of the third party system in the United States from the common law practice. This paper explores the evolution of the third party system in the United States from the development of equity, and finally discusses the three main value orientations of the third party litigation system in the United States. The second chapter is about the introduction of the third party rule specific in-depth study. From the perspective of the definition and historical evolution of the introduction of the third party action, this paper studies the concrete situation and applicable conditions of the rule. At the same time, it involves the investigation of the judge's discretion and jurisdiction. The third chapter is about the third party involved in the specific in-depth study of litigation. From the point of view of comparing with the introduction of the third party rule, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the third party's intervention rules, and expounds the types and applicable conditions of the intervention action through the application of the rules in specific cases. Chapter four briefly analyzes the application of counterclaim and cross-action in the third party system. Counterclaim and cross-action are the technical rules in American litigation system. The application of the two rules in the third-party system plays an auxiliary role in further exerting the function of the third-party system. The fifth chapter analyzes and draws lessons from the third party litigation system of the United States from the angle of comparative law. The third party litigation system in the United States has its own characteristics and value compared with the third party litigation system in civil law countries. The former pays more attention to the one-off and thoroughness of dispute resolution. At present, there are many problems in the third party litigation system in China, which has become a difficult and important point in the reform of civil litigation system. Drawing lessons from the third party system of the United States can provide a clear and feasible way to reform and reshape the third party system in China.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D971.2;DD915.2

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