法律语言的规范化研究
发布时间：2019-03-01 16:14
【摘要】：建设现代化的社会主义法治国家,是中国共产党和中国政府的一项宏伟目标。法律语言建设是法治建设的一个极其重要的组成部分,法律语言文明是法治文明的重要体现,而法律语言规范是法律语言建设和法律语言文明的重要组成部分。在某种意义上说,它甚至比法律本身还要重要,因为语言不规范的法律无法实现立法的宗旨。我们的法律语言存在不少问题。这些问题有的是因为形势的发展、社会的发展、司法的改革而产生的——即表达的内容或者表达方式不适应新的变化和改革的需要;有的是法学或者法律工作者的语言或语言学素养问题造成的。只要时代在发展、社会在进步,只要法律存在,法律语言的规范性研究就不会停止。 法律曾被看作是语言的职业,国际法律语言学家协会副主席美国法学教授皮特在其书《立法语言》说:“世界上没有多少职业像法律那样离不开语言”、“道德和习俗也许是包含在人类的行为中的,但法律却是通过语言而产生的。”语言学和法学这两门学科是相通的,有很多可以互相学习的地方。说到底,这两个学科在本质上是在做同样的事情:语言学是研究人类使用语言的规律,法学是研究规范的社会行为的法的规律。人,从根本上说来说,也是语言的。从学科分类的角度来说,法律语言研究从本质上来说又是一种跨学科的研究,跨学科研究在当今国际学术界是大力提倡的学术研究范式。无论是在自然科学领域,还是在社会科学领域,越来越多的学者意识到,很多问题无法由一个学科本身就能解决,需要多种学科通力合作。诚如著名学者舒国滢教授所言“中国法理学如果不使自己的研究流于空洞、苍白,就必须在法学之外和法学之内寻求理论和方法的支持”。因此,关注现实问题、借鉴域外经验,开展交叉研究,多些实证分析,少些理论阐述,也是是我国法理学乃至整个法学研究的最终或唯一出路。从语言的角度研究法学实践中的一些问题,不失为推动法理学研究走出困境的一种有益的尝试,这是必要的、也是可能的。 法律语言作为法律的载体,它必须以恰当的语言形式表述法的内容,法律语言的研究必然要以法学理论的研究为基础,进而将法的内容,通过立法技术的处理,以精确的语言形式加以表述。法律语言学必须服务于法律实践,这是法律语言学的性质决定的。完成法律语言的第一次转换需要科学的技术和严谨的定义,由于科学的技术只能被少数人掌握,所以法律语言的专门性特征就很明显,法律语言的第二次转换,则需要更科学的法律解释和更专门的法律工作人员,因为经过第二次转化的法律语言具有神圣的使命——规范民众们的行为。 法律语言的缺陷伴随着它的作用,怎样最大限度的发挥法律语言的作用而尽可能的避免法律语言的缺陷对于法律运作的影响是亟待解决的问题。引进国外的法律语言新思维,将法律语言看做是工具,或是法律运行的过程,而不是把它当作的一个课题来研究,对于解决实际问题会有很好的效果。伴之这样的思维角度的引进,我国法学教育理念的转念也很重要,我国法学理论界的实践和研究的重点应当适时而动和我国法学教育的现状应该被改变,教育应当具有明确的目的性。我国法治进程的现状急需建设“一库三典”来加快步伐。
[Abstract]:The construction of a modern socialist country of law is an ambitious goal of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Government. The construction of legal language is an important part of the construction of the rule of law, and the legal language civilization is an important part of the civilization of the rule of law, and the legal language standard is an important part of the legal language construction and the legal language civilization. In a sense, it is even more important than the law itself, because the law that does not regulate the language is unable to achieve the purpose of the legislation. There are many problems in our legal language. These problems are caused by the development of the situation, the development of the society and the reform of the judicial system, that is, the content or the expression of the expression does not meet the needs of the new change and the reform; As long as the times are developing and the society is making progress, the normative research of the legal language will not stop as long as the law exists. The law has been regarded as a profession of language, and Peter, the vice-chairman of the International Association of Legal and linguists, said in his book, "The language of legislation": "There are not many professions in the world that can't leave the language like the law", "Moral and custom may be included in the conduct of human beings, but the law is produced by language." and law are interlinked, and there are many places to learn from each other. In essence, the two subjects are doing the same: linguistics is the law of the study of the language of human use, and the law is a rule of the law of the study of the social behavior of the norm. The law. People, fundamentally speaking, also language. From the perspective of subject classification, the study of legal language is an interdisciplinary study in nature. In the field of natural science, or in the field of social science, more and more scholars have realized that many problems can not be solved by a subject, and there is a need for a variety of disciplines. 鍚堜綔.璇氬钁楀悕瀛﹁，
本文编号：2432585
[Abstract]:The construction of a modern socialist country of law is an ambitious goal of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Government. The construction of legal language is an important part of the construction of the rule of law, and the legal language civilization is an important part of the civilization of the rule of law, and the legal language standard is an important part of the legal language construction and the legal language civilization. In a sense, it is even more important than the law itself, because the law that does not regulate the language is unable to achieve the purpose of the legislation. There are many problems in our legal language. These problems are caused by the development of the situation, the development of the society and the reform of the judicial system, that is, the content or the expression of the expression does not meet the needs of the new change and the reform; As long as the times are developing and the society is making progress, the normative research of the legal language will not stop as long as the law exists. The law has been regarded as a profession of language, and Peter, the vice-chairman of the International Association of Legal and linguists, said in his book, "The language of legislation": "There are not many professions in the world that can't leave the language like the law", "Moral and custom may be included in the conduct of human beings, but the law is produced by language." and law are interlinked, and there are many places to learn from each other. In essence, the two subjects are doing the same: linguistics is the law of the study of the language of human use, and the law is a rule of the law of the study of the social behavior of the norm. The law. People, fundamentally speaking, also language. From the perspective of subject classification, the study of legal language is an interdisciplinary study in nature. In the field of natural science, or in the field of social science, more and more scholars have realized that many problems can not be solved by a subject, and there is a need for a variety of disciplines. 鍚堜綔.璇氬钁楀悕瀛﹁，
本文编号：2432585
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