被动语态在美国联邦宪法（1787）中的语篇功能探析
发布时间：2019-05-20 00:43
【摘要】： 被动语态在语言中的重要地位不言而喻。长期以来,许多语言学家都从形式的角度研究被动语态。近几十年来出现了一种研究被动语态的新方法,这种方法更重视研究被动语态的功能。从某种意义上来说,这两种研究方法是相辅相成的,为全面系统地研究被动语态提供了重要理论依据。 美国联邦宪法(1787),(下文简称“美国宪法”)是当今世界第一部成文宪法,同时也是当今世界最稳定的宪法。自一七八七年制定以来,至今已逾两百年。这两百多年以来,整个世界,包括美国,不管在政治上还是在经济上都经历了翻天覆地的变化。然而,美国宪法除新增了二十七条修正案以外,保存完好。于是许多学者都试图从法学的角度找出美国宪法之所以稳定的原因。其实美国宪法语言本身的精妙也是其拥有顽强生命力的原因之一,而这一点往往被忽略了。 据不完全统计显示,美国宪法中使用了大量的被动语态,这一现象是值得研究的。从某种程度上来说,被动语态在美国宪法中的频繁出现与美国宪法的文体特征密切相关。与此同时,美国宪法中被动语态所呈现出的独特形式特征也同样值得关注。本文的重心摆放在对美国宪法中被动语态的语篇功能的探析上。而这种探析是建立在韩礼德系统功能语法中三大元功能理论之一的语篇功能理论之上的。刘超(2004)提出,被动语态在英语新闻文体中具备六种语篇功能,即突出主题功能、引入主题功能、转换主题功能、凸显焦点功能、对比焦点功能以及语篇衔接与连贯功能。通过分析大量从美国宪法中摘录的范例,发现被动语态在美国宪法中也具备这六种语篇功能。正是这些语篇功能,使得美国宪法在结构上衔接,语义上连贯。而且,尽管这六种语篇功能在文中是逐一阐述的,而事实上这些功能往往能同时作用于语篇的重组。 本文共由六章构成:第一章介绍本文的选题意义,写作目的,研究方法以及整体框架;第二章文献综述部分既回顾了被动语态的研究情况又回顾了美国宪法的研究情况;第三章构建了全文的理论框架,主要着眼于韩礼德系统功能语法中三大元功能理论之一的语篇功能理论;第四章试图从美国宪法的文体特征与被动语态在美国宪法中的形式特征两方面阐释被动语态与美国宪法之间的密切关系,进一步为分析美国宪法中的被动语态做好铺垫;第五章是文章的核心部分,尝试分析了被动语态在美国宪法中的语篇功能;第六章总结全文,并且为后来研究提出建议。 本文对于被动语态在美国宪法中语篇功能的探析旨在凸显被动语态在构建法律文本中的重要地位。充分挖掘被动语态的意义,可以提高读者对法律文本的理解程度;而妥善使用被动语态,也可以提高法律制定者、法律翻译者等的写作水平。此外,本文对被动语态的教学也具有一定启发作用。
[Abstract]:The important position of passive voice in language is self-evident. For a long time, many linguists have studied passive voice from the perspective of form. In recent decades, a new method has emerged to study passive voice, which pays more attention to the function of passive voice. In a sense, these two research methods complement each other and provide an important theoretical basis for the comprehensive and systematic study of passive voice. The Federal Constitution of the United States (1787), (hereinafter referred to as the Constitution of the United States) is the first written constitution in the world, and it is also the most stable constitution in the world. It has been more than 200 years since it was formulated in 1787. Over the past 200 years, the whole world, including the United States, has undergone earth-shaking changes, both politically and economically. However, the Constitution of the United States, in addition to the addition of 27 amendments, is well preserved. As a result, many scholars try to find out the reasons for the stability of the American Constitution from the perspective of law. In fact, the subtlety of the American constitutional language itself is one of the reasons for its tenacious vitality, which is often ignored. According to incomplete statistics, a large number of passive voice is used in the Constitution of the United States, which is worth studying. To some extent, the frequent appearance of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States is closely related to the stylistic features of the Constitution of the United States. At the same time, the unique formal characteristics of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States are also worthy of attention. The focus of this paper is on the analysis of the textual function of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States. This analysis is based on the discourse function theory, which is one of the three metafunctional theories in Halliday's systemic functional grammar. Liu Chao (2004) proposed that passive voice has six textual functions in English news style, namely, highlighting thematic functions, introducing thematic functions, transforming thematic functions, highlighting focus functions, contrastive focus functions and textual cohesion and coherence functions. By analyzing a large number of excerpts from the Constitution of the United States, it is found that the passive voice also has these six textual functions in the Constitution of the United States. It is these textual functions that make the American Constitution structurally coherent and semantic coherent. Moreover, although these six textual functions are elaborated one by one in this paper, in fact, these functions can often act on the reorganization of the text at the same time. This paper consists of six chapters: the first chapter introduces the significance of this topic, the purpose of writing, the research methods and the overall framework, the second chapter reviews the passive voice of the study and the study of the Constitution of the United States, the second chapter of the literature review part reviews the passive voice of the research situation, and reviews the research situation of the Constitution of the United States. The third chapter constructs the theoretical framework of the full text, mainly focusing on the discourse function theory, one of the three metafunctional theories in Halliday's systemic functional grammar. The fourth chapter attempts to explain the close relationship between the passive voice and the American Constitution from two aspects: the stylistic features of the American Constitution and the formal features of the passive voice in the American Constitution, so as to pave the way for the analysis of the passive voice in the American Constitution. The fifth chapter is the core part of the article, which attempts to analyze the textual function of passive voice in the American Constitution. The sixth chapter summarizes the full text and puts forward some suggestions for later research. This paper analyzes the textual function of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States in order to highlight the important position of passive voice in the construction of legal texts. Fully excavating the meaning of passive voice can improve readers' understanding of legal texts, and the proper use of passive voice can also improve the writing level of law makers and legal translators. In addition, this paper also has a certain enlightening effect on the teaching of passive voice.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911
本文编号：2481216
[Abstract]:The important position of passive voice in language is self-evident. For a long time, many linguists have studied passive voice from the perspective of form. In recent decades, a new method has emerged to study passive voice, which pays more attention to the function of passive voice. In a sense, these two research methods complement each other and provide an important theoretical basis for the comprehensive and systematic study of passive voice. The Federal Constitution of the United States (1787), (hereinafter referred to as the Constitution of the United States) is the first written constitution in the world, and it is also the most stable constitution in the world. It has been more than 200 years since it was formulated in 1787. Over the past 200 years, the whole world, including the United States, has undergone earth-shaking changes, both politically and economically. However, the Constitution of the United States, in addition to the addition of 27 amendments, is well preserved. As a result, many scholars try to find out the reasons for the stability of the American Constitution from the perspective of law. In fact, the subtlety of the American constitutional language itself is one of the reasons for its tenacious vitality, which is often ignored. According to incomplete statistics, a large number of passive voice is used in the Constitution of the United States, which is worth studying. To some extent, the frequent appearance of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States is closely related to the stylistic features of the Constitution of the United States. At the same time, the unique formal characteristics of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States are also worthy of attention. The focus of this paper is on the analysis of the textual function of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States. This analysis is based on the discourse function theory, which is one of the three metafunctional theories in Halliday's systemic functional grammar. Liu Chao (2004) proposed that passive voice has six textual functions in English news style, namely, highlighting thematic functions, introducing thematic functions, transforming thematic functions, highlighting focus functions, contrastive focus functions and textual cohesion and coherence functions. By analyzing a large number of excerpts from the Constitution of the United States, it is found that the passive voice also has these six textual functions in the Constitution of the United States. It is these textual functions that make the American Constitution structurally coherent and semantic coherent. Moreover, although these six textual functions are elaborated one by one in this paper, in fact, these functions can often act on the reorganization of the text at the same time. This paper consists of six chapters: the first chapter introduces the significance of this topic, the purpose of writing, the research methods and the overall framework, the second chapter reviews the passive voice of the study and the study of the Constitution of the United States, the second chapter of the literature review part reviews the passive voice of the research situation, and reviews the research situation of the Constitution of the United States. The third chapter constructs the theoretical framework of the full text, mainly focusing on the discourse function theory, one of the three metafunctional theories in Halliday's systemic functional grammar. The fourth chapter attempts to explain the close relationship between the passive voice and the American Constitution from two aspects: the stylistic features of the American Constitution and the formal features of the passive voice in the American Constitution, so as to pave the way for the analysis of the passive voice in the American Constitution. The fifth chapter is the core part of the article, which attempts to analyze the textual function of passive voice in the American Constitution. The sixth chapter summarizes the full text and puts forward some suggestions for later research. This paper analyzes the textual function of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States in order to highlight the important position of passive voice in the construction of legal texts. Fully excavating the meaning of passive voice can improve readers' understanding of legal texts, and the proper use of passive voice can also improve the writing level of law makers and legal translators. In addition, this paper also has a certain enlightening effect on the teaching of passive voice.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 薛龙翠;《美国联邦宪法》（1787）与《联合国宪章》中的语态对比研究[D];西南政法大学;2011年
，本文编号：2481216
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