从负债应偿到破产免责:破产债务清偿责任衍进的中国法律史叙事

发布时间：2019-06-08 13:16

【摘要】：中国固有法对于债务清偿不能之法律调整,主要有以下二端:其一,以刑逼债,或对债务人科以刑事责任;其二,由债务人成年家属承担连带偿还责任。逊清之季,受华洋破产债务诉讼之促动,遂有《大清破产律》之制订。该律一度确立了破产免责原则,但旋被废止。民初大理院涉及破产之判决例和解释例,虽部分继受《大清破产律》之精神,但仍秉承中国传统之债务清偿习惯,固守破产不免责主义。迨至南京国民政府时期1935年之《破产法》,最终在法律文本层面再次确立了破产免责原则。回溯中国法律史上破产债务清偿责任衍进之脉络,可以发现,固有法中负债应偿的债务清偿理念,与域外继受而来的破产免责制度,在近代中国一直处于一种胶合对峙状态。
[Abstract]:There are two main aspects of the legal adjustment of debt repayment in China's inherent law: first, extorting debts by torture or criminal liability to debtors; second, adult family members of debtors bear joint and several liability for repayment. During the Qing Dynasty, prompted by Huayang bankruptcy debt litigation, the Qing bankruptcy Law was formulated. The law once established the principle of exemption from bankruptcy, but the rotation was annulled. At the beginning of the Republic of China, the Dali Yuan involved in bankruptcy decisions and interpretations. although it partly inherited the spirit of the Qing bankruptcy Law, it still adheres to the traditional Chinese habit of paying off debts and adheres to the principle of bankruptcy. From 1935 to the period of Nanjing National Government, the principle of exemption from bankruptcy was finally established again at the level of legal text. Looking back on the evolution of liability for liquidation of bankrupt debts in the history of Chinese law, it can be found that the idea of debt satisfaction in inherent law and the system of exemption from bankruptcy received from foreign countries have always been in a state of glued confrontation in modern China.
【作者单位】：福州大学法学院;
【基金】：笔者主持的2011年度国家社科基金后期资助项目“晚清华洋商事纠纷研究”(批准号:11FZS027)的阶段性成果 2013年度“福建省高等学校新世纪优秀人才支持计划”资助
【分类号】：D929;D922.291.92

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