法官造法初探

发布时间：2018-01-24 12:36

本文关键词： 法官造法法律漏洞法律原则创造性活动依法治国　出处：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法官造法是法官在司法活动中,当现有的法律规范出现缺失或者是存在漏洞的情况下,为了解决在司法实践中出现的具体案件,法官可以依据法律原则,遵守法律精神,借以法律解释或者司法判决等形式,创造对个案有司法强制力规则的创造性活动。在崇尚法治,提倡依法治国的当代,法的核心作用是不言自明的。然而法律并不是完美的,法律的缺陷始终存在。由于人类认识的局限性和社会不断向前发展,法律的空白地带和法官的职责使命,使得法官造法成为一种必然。古至今中外法学大家均提出了赋予法官一定限度的造法职能来弥补法律的缺陷。普通法系国家的法官造法理论和实践都经过了历史长期的检验和发展已经达到了完善的成熟阶段。当代大陆法系国家的法官造法也逐步进入到了被接受和认可的阶段。我国的法律渊源主要就是制定法,是成文法国家。改革开放之后,社会经济生活发生了前所未有的转型,立法也历经了高速的发展。我国明确提出了建设社会主义法治国家的宏伟目标,随着市场经济体制的建立和发展我国现有的立法和司法都面临着新的挑战。如今我国法院审判的案件中,有80%以上的案件都是涉及民事和商事案件。这些案件对法官的素质有了更高的要求,以往的裁判方法和司法职能都必须以良性的进步发展才能更好的适应当下中国的司法。我国在集体主义时代和计划经济时期形成的立法已经不能够很好的适应当下的市场经济和实现个人权力诉求,法官不断面临着情与法的冲突和各种法律效果与社会效果相背离的现状,仅仅依靠经验和机械化的适用成文法已经不能很好的面对不断袭来的诉讼大潮,面对严峻的司法现实,司法的权威性及公正性面临着前所未有的挑战。由此可见法官造法在中国有着存在和发展的可能性和必要性。建构司法判例制度和司法解释是我国法官造法的主要形式。法官应该不仅能够熟练的适用成文法,并且应当善于发现成文法背后所暗含的法律的客观目的。司法的任务之一就是把发现法律的客观目的实现在判决之中。我国法官在司法实践之中面临着弥补立法和社会现实之间的缝隙,法官需要发现成文法未能包括及体现的法律的本真,并使之用来解决纠纷,对社会的进步发展起到了积极的重要作用。就如同一枚硬币有两面一样,法官造法也会有缺陷和问题存在,面对这一现实,我们不应盲目的禁止取消而是应该逐步的发展使其完善。这样,才能最终实现依法治国,法官兴则法制兴,法治兴则国家兴的目标。本文分为五个部分,在绪论中阐述了本文的时代背景和选题意义,并对国内外研究现状进行了概括,提出了拟解决的关键问题和本文的研究特色。第二部分提出了法官造法的概念以及法官造法应遵循的界限和前提,探讨了法官造法的基本价值。第三部分主要谈法官造法应遵循的范围和法官造法的方法。第四部分提出了当代中国法官造法具有的可行性和所面临的问题,并且提出了完善当代中国法官造法的建议。第五部分为结语。
[Abstract]:The judge is judge made law in judicial activities, when the existing legal norms appear missing or vulnerable situation, in order to solve the specific cases in the judicial practice, the judge can be based on the principles of law, abide by the spirit of the law, as a means of interpretation of law or judicial decision form, creating a judicial force rule on the case creative activity. In upholding the rule of law, promote the rule of law in the contemporary era, the core role of law is self-evident. However, the law is not perfect, the legal defects still exist. Due to the limitations of human understanding and social development, the mission of blank areas of the law and justice, the judge made law become a inevitable. Ancient Chinese and foreign law we are put forward to give a judge limited the function of making law to make up for the defects of the law. Common law judge made law theory and Practice After a long history of inspection and development, it has reached a mature stage. The judge making law in Contemporary Continental law system has gradually entered the stage of acceptance and recognition.
China is the main source of law is law, statute law countries. After the reform and opening up, the hitherto unknown transformation of social and economic life, legislation has experienced rapid development. China has explicitly put forward the grand goal of building a socialist country under the rule of the market economy, with the establishment and development of the legislative and judicial existing in our country facing the new challenge system. Now China's court trial of the case, there are more than 80% of the cases involved in civil and commercial cases. These cases have higher requirements on the quality of judges, the judicial method and judicial functions must be benign development in order to better adapt to the current Chinese China's judicial. In the formation of collectivism and the period of planned economy legislation has not been able to adapt to the current market economy and the realization of personal power demands a good judge, continue to face Present situation and the law of conflict and a variety of legal effect and social effect deviate, relying solely on the applicable statute law experience and mechanization has not been a good in the face of repeated litigation tide, facing the grim reality of judicial, authority and impartiality of the judiciary is facing unprecedented challenges.
The judge made law has the possibility and necessity of the existence and development of the Chinese. Construction of judicial precedent and judicial interpretation is the main form of our country's judge made law. Judges should apply not only to law skilled, and should be good at finding the objective purpose behind the statute law. One of the implications of the judicial task is to find the aim of the law in the judgment. Our judges in the judicial practice faces make up the gap between the legislation and the social reality, the judges found the statute law and the fail to include it, and make it to resolve the disputes, to social progress and development plays a positive role. Just as a coin has two sides, the judge made law will have defects and problems, in the face of this reality, we should not blindly prohibited but should gradually. In this way, we can finally realize the rule of law, the judge and the rule of law, the rule of law and the goal of the state.
This paper is divided into five parts, in the introduction of this paper described the background and significance of the topic, and the research status at home and abroad are summarized, put forward the research characteristic and the key problems to be solved in this paper. The second part puts forward the limits and the premise of judge made law concept as well as the judge made law should follow the discussion the basic value of judge made law. The third part mainly talks about the scope and judge the judge made law should follow the law of creation. The fourth part puts forward the feasibility of contemporary China judge made law and has problems, and put forward improving contemporary China judge made law suggestions. The fifth part is the conclusion.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926;D920.0

【参考文献】