论我国破产和解制度的困境与出路

发布时间：2018-03-24 04:09

本文选题：破产和解制度　切入点：庭外和解　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：破产和解程序属于破产程序中的重要组成部分。破产和解，是指法院在受理破产申请后，在破产程序终结前，债务人与债权人之间就延期偿还、债务减免等问题达成协议，，中止破产程序，进而终结破产程序的一种法律制度。理论上，破产和解程序具有弥补清算程序不足的功能：债务人重建、债权人最大化受偿及社会动荡小。但在我国破产司法实务中，运用破产和解程序来处理的案件远不及重整及清算程序的数量多，破产和解程序实际上处于被搁置的状态。重整制度对防止企业破产、同时对企业复苏起着积极作用，因此受到学界的青睐，而同样是作为避免破产清算的破产和解制度，却没有受到适当的关注，对破产和解程序的研究仍然是破产法研究领域的被冷落的一方。鉴于此，本文力图通过分析我国破产和解制度，讨论我国破产和解中存在的若干问题，对我国的破产和解制度的完善提出一些有针对性的建议。文章约两万五千百余字，分四个部分论述：第一部分：破产和解制度的概况。该部分首先界定破产和解的概念和性质，指出破产和解的诉讼契约性质。其次论述破产和解程序的现状与功能，指出其具有债务人重建与债权人最大化受偿等功能，明确了破产和解程序在整个破产程序中的地位。最后该部分对破产和解程序结构的分析，该部分按照破产和解程序进行的顺序，分为破产和解程序的启动、破产和解协议的达成、破产和解程序的终结三个阶段展开。第二部分：我国破产和解制度存在的问题。在分析我国破产和解程序结构的同时，对我国破产和解程序检讨。该部分就我国破产和解制度存在的问题，有重点地从六个方面进行了论述:1、私权自治与法律干涉的两难选择。2、破产和解中债务人面临的问题。如破产清算原因与破产和解原因相同的立法为破产和解程序的启动设置了过高的门槛，影响了债务人通过破产和解程序重建的希望；申请主体仅限于债务人，导致和解的适用率大大降低，也一定程度上影响了债权人的利益。以破产程序中若干小问题展开讨论。3、保证人的利益保障。对实践中存在三种意见进行分析：一、部分追偿；二、不允许追偿；三、全部追偿。4、债权人权利保护的问题。本部分着重分析两种对债权人利益保护不利的情形。5、破产和解程序中监督主体的缺失。6、破产和解程序中法院职权的行使问题。法院职权过于弱化，导致了程序的不确定性增强，破产和解程序存在被操纵和滥用的可能。第三部分：对域外有关破产和解制度的借鉴。本部分主要介绍域外庭外和解的规定、放宽破产和解申请主体的规定、赋予破产和解协议被强制履行的权利、对债权人最低清偿率的规定、对债务人限制的规定、监督机制等，为我国借鉴其它破产和解程序以完善自身现有制度指明了方向。第四部分：我国破产和解制度的出路。该部分对本文第二部分提出的问题做了归纳，提出相应的对策。最后，以结语对文章中存在的不足做了说明。
[Abstract]:Bankruptcy reconciliation program is an important part in the bankruptcy procedure. In bankruptcy reconciliation, is refers to the court after accepting the application for bankruptcy in the bankruptcy proceedings before, between the debtor and creditors deferred repayment, debt relief agreement and other issues, suspend the bankruptcy proceedings, a legal system and the end of the bankruptcy procedure. In theory, bankruptcy the reconciliation program has to make up for the lack of liquidation function: the debtor creditor reconstruction, maximize repayment and social unrest. But in the judicial practice of bankruptcy cases in our country, using the bankruptcy reconciliation program to deal with the far and the number of restructuring and liquidation, bankruptcy reconciliation program is actually in limbo. Reforming the system of to prevent bankruptcy of enterprises at the same time, recovery plays a positive role, so scholars favor, is the same as to avoid bankruptcy liquidation bankruptcy reconciliation system, but no By proper attention, research on the bankruptcy reconciliation program is still on the bankruptcy law are being left out of the party. In view of this, this paper tries to analyze the bankruptcy settlement system in China, discuss the problems of bankruptcy reconciliation in our country and the perfection of the bankruptcy reconciliation system in our country and put forward some suggestions this article is about. Liangwanwuqianbaiyu words, is divided into four parts:
The first part: the overview of the bankruptcy reconciliation system. The first part defines the concept and nature of bankruptcy reconciliation, pointed out that the nature of the litigation contract bankruptcy reconciliation. Secondly discusses the status quo and the function of the bankruptcy reconciliation program, pointed out that it is the debtor and creditor reconstruction to maximize repayment function to clear the status of the bankruptcy reconciliation procedure in the whole procedure of bankruptcy at the end of this part. The analysis of the bankruptcy reconciliation program structure, the partial order in accordance with the bankruptcy reconciliation program, divided into the bankruptcy reconciliation program started, a bankruptcy settlement agreement, the end of the bankruptcy reconciliation program launched in three phases.
The second part: the existing bankruptcy reconciliation system in our country. In the analysis of the structure of bankruptcy reconciliation in our country at the same time, a review of the procedures of bankruptcy reconciliation in China. This part of the bankruptcy settlement system existing problem of our country, mainly from six aspects: 1, the autonomy of private law and the dilemma of interference.2, the debtor facing bankruptcy reconciliation in the same problem. Such as bankruptcy liquidation reasons and bankruptcy reconciliation legislation for reasons of the bankruptcy reconciliation program starting set a high threshold, affecting the debtor through the bankruptcy reconciliation program to rebuild hope; the main application is limited to the debtor, the applicable rate lead to reconciliation is greatly reduced, but also to some extent affected the interests of the creditors. In some small problems in the bankruptcy proceedings to discuss.3, guarantee to protect the interests of people. There are three views on practice analysis: a part of recovery; two, Do not allow recovery; three, all from.4, the creditor right protection. This part focuses on the analysis of two kinds of protection of the interests of creditors unfavorable situations.5, main body lacks.6 supervision procedure of bankruptcy conciliation, the exercise of the bankruptcy reconciliation program of the power of the court. The court authority to weaken, led to enhance the process of uncertainty there may be manipulated, and the abuse of the bankruptcy reconciliation program.
The third part: the relevant bankruptcy reconciliation system reference. The provisions of this section introduces the extraterritorial court settlement, relax the bankruptcy reconciliation for the main, given to the bankruptcy settlement agreement was forced to perform the rights of creditors, the minimum repayment rate of the provisions of the debtor restriction, supervision mechanism, for our country to draw lessons from other bankruptcy reconciliation procedures to improve their own existing system and pointed out the direction.
The fourth part: the bankruptcy reconciliation system in our country. The way problems of the second parts of this article summarized, put forward the corresponding countermeasures.
Finally, the conclusion of the shortcomings in the article in detail.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.291.92;D926.2

【参考文献】