中国检察权的宪法分析

发布时间：2018-05-11 01:17

本文选题：权力 + 检察权　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：中国检察权作为我国宪法赋予专门法律监督机关的一项重要职权,在国家权力体系中应有明晰、规范、合理、科学的定位和配置。然而,自建国以来受诸多因素的影响,检察权的内涵和外延一直处在一个动态的不定状态,客观上造成我国权力监督体系的混乱和失范。因此,从宪法的角度来分析检察权,即清晰阐述和分析检察机关在国家权力体系中的定位、检察权的权能,检察权的外延界域,以及科学合理的提出权力配置的完善建议,是本文努力要解决的问题。本文从权力和检察权的起源发展入手,通过对中国检察权的宪政地位的阐述,客观分析检察权与法律监督权之间的关系,呈现目前检察权权力组成的缺陷,经过对中国检察权对外制约和内部制衡关系的研究,提出科学配置和完善检察权的建议,为司法体制改革中的检察权发展献计献策。全文研究方式和途径主要有四种:一概念分析法。对所涉及的概念进行客观分析,确定其内涵与外延,从而明确其在宪法视角下的正确定义,在分析过程的同时,还努力保持同一概念的等值性。二历史分析法。对所涉及的概念和相关制度,通过追根溯源,阐述某一概念或者制度的演变过程,从而明确概念或者制度的渊源和发展背景。三比较分析法。对所涉及的概念和制度,试图通过分析大陆法系和英美法系及社会主义国家的检察学说理论和检察实践的异同,并结合自身在工作中对检察理论和实践的理解和把握,做出判断和选择。四实例论证法。通过选取检察系统的真实案例,来说明检察权在中国实然性和应然性之间的差距。通过近十三万字的阐述和论证,本文的结论部分从权力稳定模式的应然结构开始分析,论证了中国检察权应具有有与法律监督性匹配的职权和行使职权所需手段、能确保独立而完整行使职权的制度、符合检察权运作规律的管理机制和高素质检察人员的必要性,并从如何具体完善检察权;完善法律授权,拓展监督空间;从中国检察权运行的内部制约模式出发,增强法律监督能力;加强对检察权的外部监督的自觉性等多个方面对检察权的科学配置提出了具体建议。在论文的最后,还特意选取了广州市人民检察院近两年来开展环境公益诉讼的情况纪实,清晰客观的呈现了在司法体制改革的大气候下,中国检察权在实操中的困境和困惑。同时,也为宪法理论界了解检察权的实际运作状况以及中国基层检察院的工作现状提供一点有用的素材。
[Abstract]:The procuratorial power of China, as an important authority entrusted by the Constitution to the special legal supervisory organ, should be clearly defined, standardized, reasonable and scientifically located and allocated in the system of state power. However, under the influence of many factors since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the connotation and extension of procuratorial power has always been in a dynamic and uncertain state, which objectively leads to confusion and anomie of the power supervision system in our country. Therefore, analyzing the procuratorial power from the angle of the constitution, that is, expounding and analyzing clearly the position of procuratorial organ in the system of state power, the power of procuratorial power, the extension of procuratorial power, and putting forward scientific and reasonable suggestions for the perfection of power allocation. This paper tries to solve the problem. This paper begins with the origin and development of power and procuratorial power, through expounding the constitutional status of procuratorial power in China, objectively analyzes the relationship between procuratorial power and legal supervision power, and presents the defects of the composition of procuratorial power at present. Based on the study of the external and internal checks and balances of the procuratorial power in China, the author puts forward some suggestions for the scientific allocation and perfection of the procuratorial power, and makes suggestions for the development of the procuratorial power in the reform of the judicial system. There are four ways and means of full text research: one is concept analysis method. Through the objective analysis of the concepts involved and the determination of their connotation and extension, the correct definition of the concepts from the perspective of the Constitution is made clear, and the equivalence of the same concept is maintained at the same time as the analysis process. Historical analysis. By tracing back to the source of the concepts and related systems involved, this paper expounds the evolution process of a certain concept or system, and then clarifies the origin and development background of the concept or system. Three comparative analysis. Through analyzing the similarities and differences between the theory and practice of procuratorial theory and practice in civil law system, Anglo-American law system and socialist country, the author tries to understand and grasp the procuratorial theory and practice in his own work. Make judgments and choices. Four case studies. By selecting the real cases of the procuratorial system, this paper illustrates the gap between the reality and the supposed nature of procuratorial power in China. Through nearly 130000 words of elaboration and argumentation, the conclusion of this paper begins with the analysis of the supposed structure of the mode of power stability, and demonstrates that the procuratorial power in China should have functions and powers matching with legal supervision and the necessary means to exercise the functions and powers. The system which can ensure the independent and complete exercise of power accords with the management mechanism of the law of procuratorial power operation and the necessity of high-quality procuratorial personnel, and from how to improve the procuratorial power concretely, to perfect the legal authorization, to expand the supervision space; Based on the internal restriction mode of procuratorial power in China, the author puts forward some concrete suggestions on the scientific disposition of procuratorial power from several aspects, such as strengthening the ability of legal supervision, strengthening the consciousness of external supervision of procuratorial power, and so on. At the end of the paper, the author chooses the facts of the environmental public interest litigation carried out by the Guangzhou people's Procuratorate in the past two years, and clearly and objectively presents the dilemma and confusion of the procuratorial power in the actual operation under the general climate of judicial system reform. At the same time, it also provides some useful materials for the constitutional theorists to understand the actual operation of procuratorial power and the working situation of China's grass-roots procuratorates.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.3

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