陕甘宁边区司法改革研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 15:01

本文选题：陕甘宁边区 + 司法　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：革命用最为强大的话语方式展现其生命逻辑,革命在场意味着社会结构的重新定义,意味着权力格局的变更,意味着文化和心理的断裂与整合。而法律正是以其明显的工具意义和强烈的价值期待维护和塑造革命所改造的社会关系。如何调处法律与革命之间的互动与张力,如何在革命语境下建构契合革命价值诉求的法律制度,这是革命者必须面对的时代命题。抗日战争时期的陕甘宁边区,“一方面,革命要求突破法律,要求在思想和行动上铲除一切旧法律的思想;另一方面,革命也需要法制建设,要求建立新的法律制度。”1在管理和战争并行的革命时期,如何处理公共权力运行以及法律建构与社会革命之间的关系,是抗战时期共产党人必须正视的问题。中国共产党在陕甘宁边区的社会和政治建构彰显其强烈的现代欲求,但当时边区经济凋敝,文化匮乏,封建陋习保存较为完整。在这样的现实状况下,共产党人进行革命动员,让革命义理为群众所接受,特别是通过法律机制来促助政治革命和社会革命的完成便异常重要而艰难。在这个特殊的历史时期,时代主题和历史任务使司法改革必须以沟通国家和社会为重心。因此,司法走出了一条具有边区特色的人民司法的道路,司法机关在功能和逻辑上都发生了历史性的转化,越出了自己的领域而触及到政治经济,成为党治理社会的工具。但司法话语与政治革命和社会改革之间形成良性互动并非一蹴而就,而是经历了一个冲突与推进共存的过程。边区司法改革在经历了以雷惊天为代表的强调法律政治性和阶级性的苏俄式法律路径和以李木庵为代表的强调法律职业化和超阶级性的西方式法律路径的失败后,最终以马克思主义法律思想为理论指导,从中国革命实际情况出发,形成了契合中国边区实际的法律思想和法律实践,从而在理论和实践中创造性地实现了马克思法律思想中国化。文章由前言、正文和结语三个部分构成,其中正文又分为四个主体部分。前言主要阐述本文的选题目的、研究综述、选题意义、研究重点及创新之处。正文从四个部分详尽阐述了陕甘宁边区司法改革的整个历程,其中主要以“陕甘宁边区领导人如何利用司法体制来沟通国家和社会,以实现社会改造”为问题切入点,紧扣问题梳理了抗日战争时期陕甘宁边区高等法院的四次司法改革。结语部分将进一步阐释陕甘宁边区司法改革经过艰辛探索而最终形成的人民司法是马克思主义法律思想中国化的体现,同时探寻在边区司法改革过程中所揭示的问题对当今司法改革的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Revolution expresses its life logic in the most powerful way of discourse. The presence of revolution means the redefinition of social structure, the change of power structure, the rupture and integration of culture and psychology. Law, with its obvious instrumental significance and strong value, is expected to maintain and shape the social relations reformed by the revolution. How to adjust the interaction and tension between law and revolution, and how to construct a legal system in the context of revolution, which accords with the demands of revolutionary value, is an epochal proposition that revolutionaries must face. In the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region during the War of Resistance against Japan, "on the one hand, the revolution requires breaking through the law and the idea of eliminating all the old laws in thought and action; on the other hand, the revolution also requires the building of a legal system." In the revolutionary period of concurrent management and war, how to deal with the relationship between the operation of public power and the legal construction and the social revolution is the problem that Communists must face up to during the War of Resistance against Japan. The social and political construction of the Communist Party of China in the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region showed its strong modern desire, but at that time, the economy of the border area was depressed, the culture was scarce, and the feudal bad habits were relatively intact. In such a realistic situation, it is extremely important and difficult for the Communists to carry out revolutionary mobilization to make revolutionary justice acceptable to the masses, especially to promote the completion of political and social revolution through legal mechanisms. In this special historical period, the theme of the times and historical tasks make the judicial reform must focus on the communication between the country and the society. Therefore, the judicature has made a way of people's judicature with the characteristics of the border area, and the judicial organ has undergone a historic transformation in function and logic, and has gone beyond its own field to touch the political economy and become a tool for the party to govern the society. However, the positive interaction between judicial discourse, political revolution and social reform is not accomplished overnight, but has gone through a process of conflict and promotion. The judicial reform in the border area has experienced the failure of the Russian-style legal path, which emphasizes the political and class nature of the law, and the western way of legal professionalization and super-class, which is represented by Li Mu-an. Finally, under the guidance of Marxist legal thought, and proceeding from the actual situation of the Chinese revolution, the law thought and legal practice were formed in line with the actual situation in the Chinese border region. Thus it creatively realizes the localization of Marx's legal thought in theory and practice. The article consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into four main parts. The preface mainly expounds the purpose, research summary, significance, research emphasis and innovation of this paper. The text elaborates the whole course of the judicial reform in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border region from four parts in detail, in which "how the leaders of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningxia Border region use the judicial system to communicate the country and society and realize the social transformation" is the breakthrough point. Clinging to the problems, it combed the four judicial reforms of the Supreme Court of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia during the War of Resistance against Japan. The conclusion part will further explain that the people's judicature formed by the judicial reform in the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region is the embodiment of the Sinicization of Marxist legal thought. At the same time, it explores the enlightening significance of the problems revealed in the process of judicial reform in the border region.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926

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