论检察机关对民事再审程序的启动制度

发布时间：2018-05-20 07:36

本文选题：民事再审程序 + 启动制度　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：检察机关通过抗诉的形式启动民事再审程序既是民事再审程序的一种启动方式,也是我国民事审判监督制度的一个重要组成部分。这个颇具中国特色的重要制度在二十年的实践中,对保护当事人合法权益、促进司法公正、维护司法权威、形成对审判权的监督、防止审判权的不当行使、维护法律的正确和统一实施起到了重要的积极作用,但是,随着社会经济的发展和司法实践的不断深入,其自身的缺陷还是显而易见。本文包括五个部分,第一部分从检察机关民事再审程序启动制度的概述入手,介绍了检察机关民事再审程序启动制度的概念、特征、历史沿革及具有的独特价值。第二部分则介绍了目前有关检察机关民事再审程序启动制度的理论学说,并归纳出具有代表性的三种观点：坚决废除说、强化扩张说、保留限制说。在对这些观点分析之后,笔者提出保留限制说可行的观点。第三部分是对现行检察机关民事再审程序启动制度的具体制度介绍,包括两部分：一是启动制度的启动条件,即民事裁判已经生效、具有法定事实和理由、由有启动权的检察机关提出抗诉、向有管辖权的人民法院递交抗诉书；二是启动程序,包括受理、立案、审查、提请抗诉及抗诉。第四部分是对现行检察机关民事再审程序启动制度存在问题的分析。本文是在提出启动制度存在具体问题的基础上来分析存在问题的成因(制度设计上的原因及制度运行中的原因)：审判权对启动权的非理性排斥,导致法检的规定不一致；启动民事再审程序案件再审改判率不高；无启动限制制度；当事人或其他利害关系人申诉条件不明确；启动制度缺少相应的权力保障；对启动对象的范围认识不一致；对当事人权利保障不足；忽视损害国家利益及社会公共利益的案件。第五部分是对检察机关民事再审程序启动制度完善的建议。针对在第四部分分析出的问题提出了完善应当坚持的原则：维护司法公正原则、监督公正与监督效率并重原则、有限干预原则、有效监督原则、依法纠错原则。并提出了具体的完善建议：正确认识审判权与启动权的关系,消除法检规定的不一致；提高启动民事再审程序案件的再审改判率；设立启动限制制度；规范当事人或其他利害关系人申诉条件；设立启动制度的保障性权力；合理界定启动对象范围；对当事人权利给予充分的保障；区别对待不同性质案件的启动。
[Abstract]:It is not only a starting way of civil retrial procedure but also an important part of our country's civil trial supervision system to initiate civil retrial procedure by procuratorial organ through the form of protest. This important system with Chinese characteristics has been in practice for 20 years to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, to promote judicial justice, to safeguard judicial authority, to form supervision over judicial power, and to prevent the improper exercise of judicial power. The correct and unified implementation of the law has played an important and positive role, but with the development of social economy and the deepening of judicial practice, its own defects are obvious. This paper includes five parts. The first part introduces the concept, characteristics, historical evolution and unique value of the starting system of civil retrial procedure of procuratorial organs. In the second part, the author introduces the theory of the procuratorial organs' civil retrial procedure initiation system, and concludes three representative viewpoints: the firm abolition theory, the strengthening expansion theory, and the retention limitation theory. After analyzing these views, the author puts forward the view that reservation limitation is feasible. The third part introduces the specific system of the current procuratorial organ civil retrial procedure starting system, including two parts: one is the starting condition of the starting system, that is, the civil judgment has already taken effect, has the legal fact and the reason, The procuratorial organ with the power to initiate the protest shall present the protest to the people's court with jurisdiction; the second is the initiation of the procedure, including acceptance, filing, examination, request for protest and protest. The fourth part is the analysis of the problems existing in the current procuratorial system of civil retrial procedure. This paper analyzes the causes of the problems on the basis of putting forward the concrete problems in the starting system (the causes of the system design and the reasons in the operation of the system): the irrational exclusion of the judicial power from the priming right leads to the inconsistent regulation of the law and prosecution; The rate of retrial and revision of the civil retrial procedure is not high; there is no system of restrictions on starting; the appeal conditions of the parties or other interested parties are not clear; the starting system lacks the corresponding power guarantee; the scope of the starting object is not consistent; Inadequate protection of the rights of the parties; neglect of the national interests and public interests of the case. The fifth part is to the procuratorial organ civil retrial procedure initiation system consummation suggestion. In view of the problems analyzed in the fourth part, the author puts forward the following principles: upholding the principle of judicial justice, attaching equal importance to supervision justice and supervision efficiency, limited intervention principle, effective supervision principle, and correcting mistakes according to law. It also puts forward some specific suggestions: to correctly understand the relationship between the jurisdiction and the right to start, to eliminate the inconsistency of the regulations of law and prosecution, to improve the rate of retrial and sentence revision in the case of initiating the civil retrial procedure, and to set up the system of starting restriction; Standardizing the appeal conditions of the parties or other interested parties; establishing the indemnificatory power of starting system; rationally defining the scope of the starting object; giving adequate protection to the rights of the parties; discriminating the initiation of cases of different nature.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925.1;D926.3

【引证文献】