美国法院对行政解释的司法尊重之研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 07:21

本文选题：司法尊重 + 行政解释　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪上半叶,在美国就有了司法尊重原则的萌芽,80年代也开始在西欧行政法学界盛行。发展至今,各国的司法机关在不同程度上都表现出对行政机关的尊重态度,在其发源地英美法系国家尤为兴盛。司法尊重反映了司法权与行政权在权力配置上的博弈态势,外国行政法学界对司法尊重进行了大量的研究,而我国对司法尊重的研究相对较少。本文分为三个部分进行论述,各个部分的内容如下:第一章从分析行政解释着手,在对其概念、形态和必要性有了基本的把握后继而把目光转移到美国法院对行政解释的司法尊重问题上。接着对司法尊重的基本问题从理论角度加以概括,首先对司法尊重的含义予以阐述,其次重点分析了司法尊重的理论和现实基础,包括分权与制衡理论、规制国理论、民主理念与反多数难题以及现代行政管理的优势四个方面。第二章主要是以涉及司法尊重的重要判例为线索,在对Skidmore v.SwiftCo案、Chevron U.S.A.Inc.V.NRDC、United States v.Mead案等个案案情、涉及司法尊重的重要问题进行介绍的基础上,从微观到宏观,达到对司法尊重的历史演变有个整体把握。它的魅力不是斯基德莫尊重标准或者雪佛龙尊重标准一个单纯的模式所能展现的,雪佛龙尊重的双阶标准确立之后,其后判例对它的发展使判断是否给予司法尊重以及给予多大程度尊重的因素更加多样化,这种根据个案情况多因素分析的标准无疑成为美国法院对行政解释司法尊重态度的发展趋势。第三章通过分析司法权与行政权二者间的关系:诸权合一到相互独立再到司法权监督制约行政权,指出司法尊重问题的背后是司法权与行政权的博弈。接着重点论述司法尊重原则下既要坚持司法权对行政权的监督和制约,又要保证行政权能得到有效发挥,二者的关系应保持平衡。结语部分在对文章主要内容进行总结的基础上,司法尊重的发展脉络再次清晰的呈现,可以看出,司法权与行政权的关系是司法尊重的关键所在,司法尊重原则的良好运用离不开对司法权与行政权平衡关系的把握。
[Abstract]:In the first half of the 20th century, there were the sprout of the principle of judicial respect in the United States. Up to now, the judicial organs of various countries have shown respect for the administrative organs to varying degrees, especially in the countries of Anglo-American legal system where they originated. Judicial respect reflects the game situation of judicial power and administrative power in the allocation of power. Foreign administrative law circles have carried out a lot of research on judicial respect, but the research on judicial respect in China is relatively few. This paper is divided into three parts to discuss, the contents of each part are as follows: the first chapter from the analysis of the administrative interpretation of the concept, The form and necessity have been followed by the judicial respect for administrative interpretation by American courts. Then the basic problems of judicial respect are summarized from the theoretical point of view, first of all, the meaning of judicial respect is expounded, and then the theoretical and practical basis of judicial respect is analyzed, including the theory of separation of powers and checks and balances, the theory of regulatory state. The concept of democracy and anti-majority problems, as well as the advantages of modern administration in four aspects. The second chapter mainly takes the important jurisprudence concerning judicial respect as the clue, on the basis of introducing the cases of Chevron U.S.A.Inc.V.NRDCUnited States v.Mead and other cases, and the important issues concerning judicial respect, from micro to macro. To achieve the historical evolution of judicial respect has a holistic grasp. Its charm is not what Skidmore respect standards or Chevron respect standards a simple model can show, after the Chevron respect of the two-step standard was established, The subsequent evolution of jurisprudence has diversified the factors that determine whether and to what extent judicial respect is to be accorded, This standard based on case-based multi-factor analysis has undoubtedly become the developing trend of American courts' attitude towards judicial respect for administrative interpretation. The third chapter analyzes the relationship between judicial power and administrative power: from the unity of powers to the supervision and restriction of administrative power, it points out that the game between judicial power and administrative power lies behind the problem of judicial respect. Then the author emphasizes that under the principle of judicial respect, we should not only insist on the supervision and restriction of the judicial power to the executive power, but also ensure that the executive power can be effectively brought into play, and the relationship between the two should be balanced. In the conclusion part, on the basis of summarizing the main contents of the article, the development of judicial respect is clearly presented again. It can be seen that the relationship between judicial power and executive power is the key to judicial respect. The good application of the principle of judicial respect can not be separated from the balance between judicial power and administrative power.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD916.2

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