我国假释制度司法实践研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 22:17

本文选题：假释制度 + 司法实践　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：假释是一种附条件地提前释放的刑罚执行制度,源于十八世纪的欧洲,在人身危险性理论、刑罚目的综合理论、行刑人道化、社会化和个别化原则的基础上产生的。因为具有激励罪犯自觉接受教育改造,维护刑罚执行机关的安全与监管秩序；缓解刑罚执行机关的压力,降低行刑成本；降低罪犯再犯风险,帮助罪犯顺利回归；补救量刑差异,促进刑罚的相对公平等多种功能,假释受到世界各国的普遍欢迎,并被广泛的应用,在现代刑罚制度中具有十分重要的地位。假释制度自1911年清末修律时引入我国,历经南京民国政府和新中国成立以来的数次修订,直至2011年《刑法修正案(八)》的出台,在我国运行已有近百年的历史,但是始终呈低水平的运行状态,没有发挥其应有的功能。从我国假释制度的现状来看,我国的假释率与周边国家相比,处在倒数的位置,更不用说与发达国家相比；各地有关假释的适用比例很不均衡；并且呈现出以减刑为主,假释为辅的趋势。究其原因,是由于我国司法界长期受传统行刑观念、刑事政策以及现行刑罚制度等原因的负面影响。笔者发现,我国现行假释制度在司法实践存在以下问题：首先是立法层面的问题,即假释适用的实质条件现实可操作性不强,主观随意性较大,极易造成假释滥用和假释紧缩两种极端的状况发生,而我国正是后种情况的典型反应。在此情况下,司法机关仍然在法律之外人为增加限制条件,限定假释率。其次是司法层面的问题,刑罚执行机关、审判机关和检察机关本应相互制衡,结果现在是刑罚执行机关一家独大,不利于我国假释制度的良性发展。再者是制度层面的问题,再犯预测机制的缺位和社区矫正制度的不完善严重制约了我国假释制度的发展。笔者认为我们应当尽快摒弃传统行刑观念,树立现代刑罚理念,深刻理解和贯彻宽严相济刑事政策,增加对未成年犯强制假释的规定。从建立科学的再犯预测机制、保护被害人在假释中的合法权益、完善社区矫正制度和强化检察机关的法律监督几个方面,加快我国现代假释制度的再完善工作。
[Abstract]:Parole is a conditional early release of the penalty execution system, originated in Europe in the 18th century, on the basis of the theory of personal danger, the comprehensive theory of the purpose of punishment, the humanization, socialization and individualization of execution. Because it can encourage criminals to accept education and reform consciously, maintain the safety and supervision order of penalty enforcement organs, alleviate the pressure of penalty enforcement organs, reduce the execution cost, reduce the risk of criminals' recidivism, and help the criminals to return smoothly. To remedy the difference in sentencing, promote the relative fairness of punishment and other functions, parole is widely welcomed and widely used in the world, and has a very important position in the modern penal system. The parole system was introduced into China at the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, after several revisions since the founding of the Republic of Nanjing Government and New China, and until the introduction of the Criminal Law Amendment (8) in 2011, it has been running in our country for nearly a hundred years. However, it has always been a low level of running state, did not play its due function. From the current situation of parole system in our country, the parole rate of our country is in the reciprocal position compared with the neighboring countries, let alone compared with the developed countries; the proportion of parole applied in various places is very uneven; and it shows that commutation of sentence is the main factor. The trend towards parole as a supplement. The reason is that the judicial circles of our country have been influenced by the traditional concept of execution, the criminal policy and the present penalty system for a long time. The author finds that the current parole system in our country has the following problems in judicial practice: first of all, the legislative level, that is, the practical conditions of parole application is not strong, subjective randomness is greater. Parole abuse and parole austerity occur easily, and China is the typical reaction of the latter. In this case, the judiciary is still outside the law artificially additional restrictions, limit the parole rate. Secondly, the judicial level, penalty enforcement organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs should have checks and balances each other, the result is that the penalty enforcement organ is a dominant institution, which is not conducive to the healthy development of parole system in China. Furthermore, the absence of prediction mechanism and the imperfection of community correction system seriously restrict the development of parole system in China. The author believes that we should abandon the traditional concept of execution as soon as possible, set up the modern concept of punishment, deeply understand and implement the criminal policy of combining leniency and severe punishment, and increase the stipulation of compulsory parole for juvenile offenders. In order to speed up the improvement of the modern parole system in China, we should establish a scientific prediction mechanism for recidivism, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the victims in parole, perfect the community correction system and strengthen the legal supervision of the procuratorial organs.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D924.13;D926

【参考文献】