司法裁判的影响因素及法律方法运用探究

发布时间：2018-06-06 20:15

本文选题：司法裁判 + 影响因素　；参考：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在司法过程中,不确定性的存在,既增加了法律适用的灵活性,也留给了法官广泛的裁量空间。而且事实证明,司法结论也无法完全通过逻辑操作从法律或先例中推衍出来,特别是对于疑难案件,法官难免要依靠直觉、经验,诉诸于常识、政策等非法律因素进行裁判。但基于客观性、正当性的要求,法官还应尽可能地保持依法司法的形象,使其裁判过程可以为人们所预见,避免因个人情感、偏见而产生误判。因之,司法裁判的过程就可以被视为一个多种因素相互竞争的开放过程。它需要法官认真对待每一个案件,运用理性与经验,协调其中的法意与人情,进而维护法律秩序和司法公正。在本文中,首先从司法裁判的形成出发,借助于不同类型的司法案件,分析裁判的形成主体、路径与影响因素。在司法裁判中,法官既不是判决机器,也不是创世之神。作为个体的人,法官具有自我面向与社会面向,在司法过程中往往扮演着多重角色;作为裁判者,法官是情景化、语境化的,针对不同类型的案件,其审判也呈现出不同的逻辑与特征。与此同时,在理性的进路之外,司法裁判的形成还存在着一种经验的进路,其目的在于运用外部知识和科学实验来认知法官的行为。因之,可以发现法律并非司法裁判的唯一主导因素,还会受到法官的个性、经验、道德观念以及政策、制度、公众意见等外在因素的影响。其次,作为前者的后续,这一部分主要在于揭示影响的发生之道。以事实认定为始,以裁判效能为终,在整个司法裁判过程中,这些影响因素的运作有其必要的前提、方式和引导条件,并且它们对于裁判的后果也存在着不同的影响。受制于法律的不确定性和法官的有限理性,法官不得不通过经验直觉机制来解决疑难案件。而且,在不同层级的审判中,根据不同的裁判目的,法官也往往会呈现出个殊化的行为倾向。这些论点在逻辑上证成了内外在因素对司法裁判的影响。最后,本文将回归于裁判的形成主体,通过探讨法官的裁判技艺——如何合理地运用法律方法,针对不同的影响因素,寻求现实的权衡、控制及转化之法,以使裁判最大限度地接近正义。一方面,运用司法制度和程序来控制影响因素介入裁判的数量与程度;另一方面,通过司法论证的过程来提高裁判结果的可接受性。在总体上,通过对司法裁判的过程及影响因素进行解说,由外部行为折射法官的内心世界,还原法官的真实形象。
[Abstract]:In judicial process, the existence of uncertainty not only increases the flexibility of the application of the law, but also leaves a wide range of discretionary space for the judge. Moreover, it has proved that the judicial conclusion can not be derived from the law or precedent completely by logical operation, especially for the difficult cases, the judge must rely on intuition, experience, and political affairs. Policy and other non legal factors make a referee. But based on the objectivity and the requirements of legitimacy, the judge should also keep the image of the law as far as possible so that the process of refereeing can be foreseen by people and avoid misjudgment due to personal feelings and prejudices. It needs the judge to take every case seriously, to use reason and experience, to coordinate the legal and human feelings, and to maintain the legal order and the judicial justice. In this article, first of all, from the formation of the judicial referee, with the help of different types of judicial cases, the author analyzes the main body of the referee, the path and the influencing factors. In the judicial referee, law The official is neither a verdict nor a creator of the world. As an individual, the judge has a multiple role in the process of judicature. As a referee, the judge is situational and contextualized. For different types of cases, the trial also presents different logic and characteristics. At the same time, it is rational. Besides, there is an approach to the formation of judicial referees. The purpose is to use external knowledge and scientific experiments to recognize the judge's behavior. It is possible to find that law is not the only dominant factor in judicial judgment, and it will also be influenced by the personality, experience, moral concept, policy, system, public opinion of the judge. Secondly, as the follow-up of the former, this part mainly lies in revealing the way of the effect of the influence. It is the beginning of the fact and the end of the referee's effectiveness. In the process of judicial refereeing, the operation of these factors has its necessary preconditions, ways and guidance conditions, and they have different effects on the consequences of the referee. Because of the uncertainty of the law and the limited rationality of the judge, the judge has to solve the difficult cases through the experience intuition mechanism. Moreover, in the different levels of trial, the judges often present a different tendency according to the different referee's purposes. These arguments prove that the internal and external factors are the judicial referees. Finally, this article will return to the main body of the referee, through the discussion of the judge's referee skills - how to use the legal method reasonably, to seek realistic trade-offs, control and transform the law in order to maximize the justice. On the one hand, the judicial system and procedures are used to control the cause of the influence. The number and degree of the referee's intervention, on the other hand, to improve the acceptability of the referee's results through the process of judicial argumentation. On the whole, through the interpretation of the process and influencing factors of the judicial referee, the external behavior reflects the inner world of the judge and restores the true image of the judge.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

【参考文献】