四级两审制的发生和演化

发布时间：2018-06-10 17:50

本文选题：审判体制改革 + 四级两审制　；参考：《法学研究》2015年04期

【摘要】：司法体制改革的一个重要举措是设立最高人民法院巡回法庭,这一改革举措可能意味着我国法院层级或审级变化的新动向。从建国以来的历史经验看,法院层级和审级变化并非彼此孤立,且都从属于国家政治形态设计。1954年中共中央取消大区分院,促动了法院审级由三审制改为两审制。两审制带来的法院功能和案负变化,导致中级人民法院层级的设立。为了保障四级两审制平滑运作,民事调解制度扩大,基层法院派出法庭普遍设立。这一法院层级和审级制度的设立,契合了扩大省级地方权力的政治目标。1983年以来"地改市"运动、民事调解制度的萎缩以及撤销部分派出法庭,使得四级两审制的基础发生松动,法院层级和审级方面的新变化由此产生。
[Abstract]:An important measure in the reform of the judicial system is the establishment of the Circuit Court of the Supreme people's Court, which may mean a new trend of changes in the level or level of the courts in our country. From the historical experience since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the changes of court level and trial level are not isolated from each other, and they are both subordinate to the design of national political form. In 1954, the CPC Central Committee abolished the regional subdivisions and promoted the court trial system from the three-instance system to the two-instance system. The two-instance system brings negative changes in court functions and cases, leading to the establishment of intermediate people's courts. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the four-level two-instance system, the civil mediation system was expanded, and the basic courts sent courts were generally set up. The establishment of this system of court hierarchy and adjudication coincides with the political objective of expanding provincial and local power. Since 1983, the "land reform" movement, the shrinking of the civil mediation system, and the revocation of some of the dispatched courts, The foundation of the four-level two-instance system is loosened, and the new changes in the court level and the trial level are brought about.
【作者单位】：上海同济大学法学院;
【基金】：同济大学中央高校基本科研业务费人文社科跨学科研究城镇化与法律项目(20142877)资助
【分类号】：D926.2

【共引文献】