我国民事检察和解制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-30 06:57

【摘要】：我国宪法规定,检察机关是国家的法律监督机关。保障法律统一、有效、正确的实施是检察机关的法定职责。检察机关内设民事行政检察部门,对人民法院的民事诉讼活动进行法律监督。民事检察和解是检察机关近几年来司法实践中出现的一个新生事物,之所以在民事检察工作中引入案件和解机制,主要来源于办案实践的需要。所谓民事检察和解,是指检察机关在审查民事申诉案件过程中,基于公开、公正原则,在不损害国家利益、社会公共利益及他人合法权益的前提下,促成案件当事人自愿达成和解协议并实际履行,不再执行原生效民事裁判的一种法律监督活动。民事检察和解制度的法律地位和法律效力等问题在《民事诉讼法》中尚无明确规定,但开展民事检察和解在现实中具有重要意义。首先,民事检察和解符合构建和谐社会的基本要求。民事检察和解是行使检察权的具体体现,是检察权的一种延伸,既反映了检察机关法律监督的职能,体现出了检察机关对法院审判活动的监督,也是检察机关办理民事申诉案件所采用的一种柔性手段,通过促成案件双方当事人自愿达成和解,解决纠纷,最大限度地减少不和谐因素,促进社会和谐。其次,民事检察和解有利于维护当事人的合法权益。民事检察和解让检察机关通过主动工作,促使、引导双方当事人合议重新确定各自的权利义务,让处理结果尽可能地符合客观事实,最大限度维护当事人的合法权益。最后,民事检察和解解决了办案周期长、抗诉后法院再审可能维持原判等问题,可在较短时间内解决纠纷,减轻了当事人的讼累,有效节约了司法成本,提高了办案效率。本文由六部分组成,首先从民事检察和解的内涵、产生背景、性质和存在基础入手,全面概述民事检察和解制度；其次,针对理论界和实务工作者对该制度的的争论和质疑,阐述民事检察和解的效力、基本原则、与西方司法ADR的联系,立足检察实务实践,论述民事检察和解的理论困境和现实存在的问题；第三部分,以民事检察工作为基点,提出民事检察和解的实践建议和制度构建；第四部分,论述两种情形下如何对民事检察和解制度进行救济；第五部分,笔者从所办理的成功案例中挑选出一件有代表性的,论证民事检察和解的制度优越性；最后,对民事检察和解的实践提出立法建议。本文运用法理学的研究方法,对民事检察和解制度进行理论分析和科学构建。笔者作为一名基层检察人员,重视基层检察工作实务总结出来的经验,希望通过本文的研究讨论和对经典案例的剖析,让民事检察和解制度引起更多的关注,并将和解经验背后的理论及时落实为具体制度,使基层民事检察和解工作有法可依,促使民事检察和解工作更加有序、完善的开展。
[Abstract]:Our constitution stipulates that the procuratorial organ is the legal supervision organ of the state. It is the legal duty of the procuratorial organ to guarantee the unification, effectiveness and correct implementation of the law. The procuratorial organ has a civil administrative procuratorial department to exercise legal supervision over the civil litigation activities of the people's court. Civil procuratorial reconciliation is a new thing in the judicial practice of procuratorial organs in recent years. The reason why the mechanism of case reconciliation is introduced into civil procuratorial work is mainly from the need of handling cases. The so-called civil procuratorial reconciliation means that in the course of examining a civil appeal case, the procuratorial organ, based on the principles of openness and impartiality, does not harm the interests of the state, the public interest of society and the legitimate rights and interests of others. The parties to a case voluntarily reach a settlement agreement and actually perform, no longer carry out the original effective civil adjudication of a legal supervision activity. The legal status and legal effect of the civil procuratorial reconciliation system are not clearly stipulated in the Civil procedure Law, but it is of great significance to carry out the civil procuratorial reconciliation in reality. First of all, civil procuratorial reconciliation meets the basic requirements of building a harmonious society. Civil procuratorial reconciliation is a concrete embodiment of the exercise of procuratorial power and an extension of procuratorial power. It not only reflects the function of procuratorial organs' legal supervision, but also reflects the procuratorial organs' supervision over the court's trial activities. It is also a flexible means for procuratorial organs to deal with civil appeal cases. It can help both parties to reach a settlement voluntarily, resolve disputes, reduce disharmony factors to the maximum extent and promote social harmony. Secondly, civil procuratorial reconciliation is conducive to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the parties. The civil procuratorial reconciliation allows the procuratorial organs to work on their own initiative to urge and guide the parties to redefine their rights and obligations in a collegial manner so that the processing results can accord with the objective facts as far as possible and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the maximum extent. Finally, the civil procuratorial reconciliation solves the problems such as the long handling period, the possibility of the court retrial after the protest to maintain the original judgment, and so on, which can solve the dispute in a short time, alleviate the litigants' litigation tiredness, save the judicial cost effectively and improve the efficiency of handling the case. This paper is composed of six parts. Firstly, it summarizes the civil procuratorial reconciliation system from the connotation, background, nature and existence basis of civil procuratorial reconciliation. This paper expounds the effectiveness, basic principles, relation with the western judicial ADR, discusses the theoretical dilemma and practical problems of the civil procuratorial reconciliation based on the practice of procuratorial practice, the third part, taking the civil procuratorial work as the basic point, Put forward the practical suggestions and system construction of civil procuratorial reconciliation; the fourth part discusses how to remedy the civil procuratorial reconciliation system under two circumstances; the fifth part, the author selected a representative from the successful cases, Finally, it puts forward legislative suggestions on the practice of civil procuratorial reconciliation. This article uses the jurisprudence research method, carries on the theory analysis and the scientific construction to the civil procuratorial reconciliation system. As a grass-roots procurator, the author attaches importance to the experience summed up by the practice of grass-roots procuratorial work, hoping that through the research and discussion in this paper and the analysis of classic cases, the civil procuratorial reconciliation system will attract more attention. And the theory behind the reconciliation experience is put into practice in time to make the grass-roots civil procuratorial reconciliation work in accordance with the law to promote the civil procuratorial reconciliation work more orderly and perfect development.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.3

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