民意与司法的纠结研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 13:31

【摘要】：本文通过三章对民意与司法关系的纠结问题进行系统阐释及分析。论文第一章主要是研究民意与司机纠结的基本理论。首先对民意的概念进行解析,明确民意“民众意愿”的含义,同时指出司法领域的民意,应指社会民众对法院裁判所提出的隐含某种利益的意愿。为便于司法机关对民意进行科学甄别,本文概括了民意的四个显著特点,即集合性、不确定性、公共利益性、软强制性。其次,简要总结回顾了我国古代、近代、当代司法与民意关系的产生、发展、演变过程,以及不同时期发生的典型事例,并从中发现不同历史时期的统治阶级都不敢对民意采取漠然处之的态度,只不过重视的动机、程度、方式、效果不同。同时也启发我们,在司法过程中完全忽视民意及简单盲从民意都是不可取的。最后,进一步揭示了民意对司法的积极、消极作用,客观分析了司法对民意的引导作用,并从法的本质、人类对公平的追求及司法现状层面,探究了民意进入司法的理论基础,表明了处理好司法与民意关系的必要性和可能性。论文第二章主要是研究当代中国民意与司法纠结的基本模式。首先通过观察近几年引起社会广泛关注的几个案例,呈现了民意介入司法的过程和所产生的不同效果。同时,通过对上述案例的实证分析,分析民意和司法之间的主要冲突所在,梳理出民意与司法纠结的两种主要模式。在此基础上,从社会转型、公民权利意识和司法公信力等角度,挖掘了中国民意与司法纠结的社会根源,以期当代中国司法能够更加理性地处理与民意的关系。第三章主要是研究实现民意与司法的平衡及建构二者之间的良性互动。在实现二者平衡问题上,首先从宏观层面研究了民意进入司法的边界,即司法独立和司法公正两条“红线”,然后在微观层面研究了司法最容易被民意操纵的“软肋”即自由裁量权行使中,如何把握好回应民意的限度。在实现二者之间的良性互动问题上,在充分考察了司法机关沟通民意的实际做法的基础上,从民意进入司法、司法回应和引导民意两个方面,阐述了实现民意与司法良性互动的制度途径,提出实现民意与司法良性互动需要坚持、完善及创新的七项具体制度。最后在结语部分笔者指出,无论民意与司法在实践中表现出怎样的纠结状态,二者只是殊途同归地表达了对公平正义的追求,恰当地处理二者之间的关系能够使其在不断的纠结中实现相互促进,以期早日实现法制现代化的建设目标。
[Abstract]:This paper systematically explains and analyzes the relationship between public opinion and judicature in three chapters. The first chapter mainly studies the basic theory of the entanglement between public opinion and drivers. Firstly, the concept of public opinion is analyzed, and the meaning of "popular will" is clarified. At the same time, it is pointed out that the public opinion in the judicial field should refer to the will of the public to some kind of benefit implied by the court decision. In order to distinguish public opinion scientifically, this paper summarizes four remarkable characteristics of public opinion, that is, collectivity, uncertainty, public interest and soft compulsion. Secondly, it briefly summarizes and reviews the emergence, development and evolution of the relationship between the judiciary and public opinion in ancient and modern China, as well as the typical cases that occurred in different periods. It is found that the ruling class in different historical periods dare not take the attitude of indifference to public opinion, but pay attention to different motives, degrees, ways and effects. It also enlightens us that it is not advisable to ignore public opinion and simply follow public opinion blindly in the judicial process. Finally, it further reveals the positive and negative effects of public opinion on justice, analyzes objectively the guiding role of judicature on public opinion, and probes into the theoretical basis of public opinion entering into justice from the aspects of the essence of law, the pursuit of justice by human beings and the current situation of justice. It shows the necessity and possibility of dealing with the relationship between justice and public opinion. The second chapter mainly studies the basic mode of public opinion and judicial entanglement in contemporary China. Firstly, by observing several cases that have aroused wide attention in the society in recent years, the process of public opinion intervening in the judicature and its different effects are presented. At the same time, through the empirical analysis of the above cases, the main conflict between public opinion and the judiciary is analyzed, and the two main modes of public opinion and judicial entanglement are sorted out. On this basis, from the perspective of social transformation, civil rights awareness and judicial credibility, this paper explores the social roots of Chinese public opinion and judicial entanglement, hoping that contemporary Chinese judicature can deal with the relationship between public opinion and public opinion more rationally. The third chapter mainly studies the balance between public opinion and judicature and constructs the benign interaction between them. In order to achieve the balance between the two, the paper first studies the boundary of public opinion entering the judiciary from the macro level, that is, the two "red lines" of judicial independence and judicial justice. Then, on the micro level, the author studies how to grasp the limits of responding to public opinion in the exercise of discretion, which is the most vulnerable to the manipulation of public opinion. On the question of realizing the benign interaction between the two, on the basis of fully examining the actual practice of the judiciary in communicating public opinion, from the aspects of public opinion into justice, judicial response and guiding public opinion, This paper expounds the institutional approaches to realize the benign interaction between public opinion and judicature, and puts forward seven concrete systems which need to be persisted, perfected and innovated to realize the benign interaction between public opinion and judicature. Finally, in the conclusion part, the author points out that no matter what kind of entanglement the public opinion and the judicature show in practice, they only express the pursuit of fairness and justice in the same way. Properly dealing with the relationship between the two can promote each other in the constant entanglement in order to realize the goal of the modernization of the legal system as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926

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