论检察机关在环境公益诉讼中的法律地位

发布时间：2018-09-02 10:12

【摘要】：改革开放以来,随着我国社会经济的迅速发展,环境问题日益突出,已经严重影响和制约了国家经济社会的协调发展,对构建社会主义和谐社会和实现全面建设小康社会的目标提出了严峻挑战,做好环境保护不仅是落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的客观要求,更是保障人民群众环境权益、维护社会稳定以及增强我国可持续发展能力的迫切需要。检察机关在环境公益诉讼中的法律地位应该是法律赋予且受法律约束的,包括了检察机关在诉讼法律关系中的地位和实体法律关系中的地位。结合我国环境纠纷解决机制的实践情况,笔者认为构建和保障检察机关在环境公益诉讼中的法律地位对于当前我国的环境保护工作具有积极的现实意义。为此,本文第一部分围绕环境公益诉讼的起源、含义、特点和类型等方面的问题,对环境公益诉讼的基本内涵进行了简要介绍,为下文的分析提供了理论基础；第二部分对检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的理论进行了分析,分别对当事人理论和诉权理论进行了分析,理论分析的角度证明了检察机关取得环境公益诉讼的原告资格是可行的；第三部分对检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的必要性和可行性进行了论述,阐述了在环境公共利益受到损害或有损害之虞时,检察机关是最适合代表国家利益和公共利益提起环境公益诉讼的主体；第四部分分析了检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的相关法律依据,在我国法制发展史中追溯其历史渊源,在现行法律中找到了法律依据,证明了检察机关提起环境公益诉讼是受我国现行法律支持的；第五部分介绍了两大法系及东欧等主要国家检察机关提起公益诉讼制度的情况,通过比较分析,归纳出了值得学习的经验,以便我们从中借鉴；第六部分主要对检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的障碍进行分析。环境公益诉讼原告资格限定和立法的缺失是阻碍环境公益诉讼发展最为严重的问题,影响着检察机关在环境公益诉讼中的法律地位,制约着我国环境公益诉讼的发展；第七部分对如何保障检察机关在环境公益诉讼中的法律地位提出了思考和建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of China's social economy, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, which have seriously affected and restricted the coordinated development of the national economy and society, and posed a serious challenge to the construction of a harmonious socialist society and the realization of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The objective requirement of building a harmonious socialist society is the urgent need to safeguard the people's environmental rights and interests, maintain social stability and enhance the sustainable development ability of our country.
The legal status of procuratorial organs in environmental public interest litigation should be given and restricted by law, including the status of procuratorial organs in litigation legal relationship and the status of substantive legal relationship. The legal status of environmental protection work in China has a positive practical significance. For this reason, the first part of this paper, focusing on the origin, meaning, characteristics and types of environmental public interest litigation, briefly introduces the basic connotation of environmental public interest litigation, which provides a theoretical basis for the following analysis; the second part of this paper on the environmental public interest litigation. The theory of environmental public interest litigation initiated by procuratorial organs is analyzed, and the theory of litigant and litigation right are analyzed respectively. The theory analysis proves that it is feasible for procuratorial organs to obtain the plaintiff qualification of environmental public interest litigation. The third part discusses the necessity and feasibility of environmental public interest litigation initiated by procuratorial organs. This paper expounds that the procuratorial organ is the most suitable subject to initiate environmental public interest litigation on behalf of national interests and public interests when the environmental public interest is damaged or threatened; the fourth part analyzes the relevant legal basis for the procuratorial organ to initiate environmental public interest litigation, tracing its historical origin in the history of the development of the legal system in China, and at present The legal basis is found in the law, which proves that the environmental public interest litigation initiated by procuratorial organs is supported by the current law of our country; the fifth part introduces the public interest litigation system initiated by procuratorial organs of the two major legal systems and Eastern Europe and other major countries, through comparative analysis, summed up the experience worth learning, so that we can learn from it; The limitation of plaintiff qualification and the lack of legislation in environmental public interest litigation are the most serious problems hindering the development of environmental public interest litigation, affecting the legal status of procuratorial organs in environmental public interest litigation, and restricting the development of environmental public interest litigation in China. In part, we put forward some thoughts and suggestions on how to protect the legal status of procuratorial organs in environmental public interest litigation.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D925;D926.3

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