司法权规约体系研究
发布时间：2018-09-08 17:47
【摘要】：司法权就其历史变迁过程而言，一直具有较强的社会性特质，其具体运行由于涉及社会争议之裁断而要求基于技艺理性而展开。但自近代宪政以来，司法权一跃成为国家权力体系之下制衡立法权、行政权的重要政治力量。这不仅使得司法权获得了现代转型，而且其宪政地位和功能亦有了相应的拓展。在此过程中，司法权运行之技艺特性存在被政治运作乃至其他国家权力如立法权、行政权挤压甚至僭越的可能，这为司法权运行之失范创造了相应的机会。域外国家在此过程中均借助一定的司法权规约体系保障司法权的良性拓展，使得相应的司法权之具体运行能够与立法权、行政权、政党力量之运作保持适宜的关系，而不至于突破法律、宪法的一般框架。 处于转型时期的我国，其司法权之运行无法脱离司法权发展演变的一般规律。但由于当下我国具体法律规范尚存在一定的瑕疵，政治运作法治化水平相对较低等因素，司法权之具体运行与政党运作、立法权、行政权之运行都存在一定程度的紧张，司法权运行失范无论是在理论还是实践层面都存在相应的可能。有鉴于此，从保障公民基本权利以及创设适宜的国家权力体系的目的出发，我们有必要构建适当的司法权规约体系。本文基于司法权规约体系之构建这一命题，在探究司法权拓展一般规律的基础上，具体研究我国司法权规约体系构建之具体问题。全文共分五章，近16万字。 第一章主要探讨司法权运行失范及其成因。通过对微观、宏观法律框架的分析，我们认为我国司法权之运行是存在相应的法律规范依据的。但在司法权具体运行领域，却存在直接违反法律规范和间接违反法律规范两类司法权运行失范行为。相关实例显示，对于以上司法权运行失范行为并不存在较为制度化的规约力量。深入的分析可以发现，司法权运行失范既与社会变迁存在密切的关联，也和国家意义上的权力配置存在莫大的关系。 第二章主要分析域外司法权规约之历史经验。通过对域外主要国家司法权拓展经验的分析，我们发现司法权在其演变过程中确实存在运行失范的可能。在司法权运行失范之救济层面，，域外国家多借助相对完善的司法权规约体系进行。实践方面，以上司法权规约体系主要由以下几种规约方式组成：其一是政治性规约，即政党政治的法治化运作对司法权运行之规约；其二是功能性规约，即借助宪法配置不同国家权力，使得此种国家权力之运行对彼种国家权力功能之发挥构成某种意义上的规约；其三是情境性规约，即基于司法权运作之个案正义特性，以特定情境与外在刺激为条件的规约形式。 第三章主要探讨我国司法权规约体系构建之政治性规约。执政党之执政行为对于司法权之具体运行而言，是一种重要的政治性规约。但执政党实施政治性规约所追求的是政治统治的合法性，而司法权之运行所遵循的则是具体的合法律性论证。两者之具体运作既存在密切的联系，又具有本质的区别。如果处理不当，会对司法权规约体系构建产生重大影响。在我国，处理党的领导与司法独立之关系就存在泛政治化、去政治化两种不良趋向。扭转以上不良趋向，需要借助政治法治化、司法技术化两方面的改革来实现。 第四章主要分析我国司法权规约体系之功能性规约。我国在构建司法权规约体系方面，习惯于借助人大对司法的监督以及行政对司法的制约来实施一种功能性规约。于此而言，我国宪法、法律所确定的司法独立是功能意义上、而非结构意义上的独立。对于具体的司法权运行主体来说，人大监督、行政权对其构成一种他律式规约。但他律式司法权规约体系之问题在于，它可能因为无视司法权之技艺理性而导致立法权取代司法权或者行政权取代司法权，从而导致司法权运行失范。适当的司法权规约体系之他律式构建，应当是尊重司法技艺理性基础上的他律式规约。 第五章主要倡导一种司法权规约体系之自律式构建。司法权规约体系之具体构建客观上需要执政党层面的政治性规约、其他国家权力的功能性规约等，但以上规约力量都可以归诸于他律式规约的序列。从经验主义的角度出发，他律式规约力量能否发挥应有的正面而非负面效果，最终还是要落脚于一种自律式体系的构建。要合理创建自律式司法权规约体系，必须要规训司法权运行主体之法律人格。技艺理性基础上的司法权运行主体之法律人格之型塑，需要借助完善的司法权运行机制、公正的司法程序来完成。
[Abstract]:Judicial power, as far as its historical change is concerned, has always had a strong social character, and its specific operation is required to be based on technical rationality because of the adjudication involving social disputes. In this process, the technological characteristics of the operation of judicial power may be extruded by political operation and even by other powers, such as legislative power, executive power, or even overstepped. This creates corresponding opportunities for the anomie of the operation of judicial power. In the process, the benign expansion of judicial power is guaranteed by a certain statute system of judicial power, so that the specific operation of the corresponding judicial power can maintain a suitable relationship with the operation of legislative power, executive power and Party power, without breaking through the general framework of law and constitution.
In the transitional period of China, the operation of judicial power can not be separated from the general law of the development and evolution of judicial power. However, there are still some defects in the specific legal norms and the relatively low level of the rule of law in the political operation, so there are certain processes in the specific operation of judicial power, the operation of political parties, the legislative power and the operation of administrative power. In view of this, it is necessary to construct an appropriate judicial power statute system for the purpose of guaranteeing citizens'basic rights and establishing an appropriate state power system. On the basis of exploring the general law of the expansion of judicial power, this paper studies the concrete problems of the construction of the statute system of judicial power in China.
The first chapter mainly discusses the anomie of judicial power and its causes. Through the analysis of micro and macro legal framework, we believe that the operation of judicial power in our country is based on corresponding legal norms. But in the specific operation of judicial power, there are two kinds of anomie of judicial power: direct violation of legal norms and indirect violation of legal norms. The relevant examples show that there is no more institutionalized prescriptive force for the above-mentioned misconduct of judicial power operation.
The second chapter mainly analyzes the historical experience of the extraterritorial jurisdiction statute.Through the analysis of the experience of the development of the extraterritorial jurisdiction in the main countries,we find that the judicial power may indeed run out of order in the course of its evolution.On the relief level of the judicial power operation out of order,the foreign countries mostly rely on the relatively perfect judicial power statute system. In practice, the above-mentioned statute system of judicial power mainly consists of the following several statutes: one is political statute, that is, the statute of the rule of law operation of political party politics on the operation of judicial power; the other is functional statute, that is, by means of the constitution to allocate different state power, so that the operation of such state power on the other state power function. The third is the situational convention, which is based on the case justice characteristics of the operation of judicial power and conditioned by specific situations and external stimuli.
The third chapter mainly discusses the political stipulation of the constitution of the judicial power statute system in our country.The ruling party's ruling behavior is an important political stipulation for the concrete operation of the judicial power.But the ruling party's political stipulation pursues the legitimacy of the political rule while the operation of the judicial power follows the concrete legal law. In China, there are two bad tendencies in dealing with the relationship between the Party's leadership and judicial independence: pan-politicization and depoliticization. To reverse the above bad tendencies, we need to resort to politics. Reform in two aspects: rule by law and judicial technology.
Chapter Four mainly analyzes the functional statutes of the statute system of judicial power in China. In the aspect of constructing the statute system of judicial power, China is accustomed to implementing a functional statute by means of the supervision of the people's Congress to the judiciary and the restriction of administration to the judiciary. Independence in the sense of meaning. For the specific subject of judicial power operation, the NPC supervises and the executive power constitutes a kind of other legal statute. But the problem of his legal statute system is that it may cause the legislative power to replace the judicial power or the executive power to replace the judicial power because it ignores the technical rationality of the judicial power, thus leading to the judicial power. The proper constitution of the statute system of judicial power should be based on respecting the rationality of judicial skills.
The fifth chapter mainly advocates the self-discipline construction of a judicial power statute system. The concrete construction of the judicial power statute system objectively needs the political statute at the level of the ruling party, the functional statute of the power of other countries, etc. But the above statute strength can be attributed to the sequence of other statutes. Whether the contractual power can exert its due positive rather than negative effects or not will ultimately rest on the construction of a self-disciplined system of judicial power statutes. The judicial operation mechanism is accomplished by a fair judicial procedure.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926
本文编号：2231240
[Abstract]:Judicial power, as far as its historical change is concerned, has always had a strong social character, and its specific operation is required to be based on technical rationality because of the adjudication involving social disputes. In this process, the technological characteristics of the operation of judicial power may be extruded by political operation and even by other powers, such as legislative power, executive power, or even overstepped. This creates corresponding opportunities for the anomie of the operation of judicial power. In the process, the benign expansion of judicial power is guaranteed by a certain statute system of judicial power, so that the specific operation of the corresponding judicial power can maintain a suitable relationship with the operation of legislative power, executive power and Party power, without breaking through the general framework of law and constitution.
In the transitional period of China, the operation of judicial power can not be separated from the general law of the development and evolution of judicial power. However, there are still some defects in the specific legal norms and the relatively low level of the rule of law in the political operation, so there are certain processes in the specific operation of judicial power, the operation of political parties, the legislative power and the operation of administrative power. In view of this, it is necessary to construct an appropriate judicial power statute system for the purpose of guaranteeing citizens'basic rights and establishing an appropriate state power system. On the basis of exploring the general law of the expansion of judicial power, this paper studies the concrete problems of the construction of the statute system of judicial power in China.
The first chapter mainly discusses the anomie of judicial power and its causes. Through the analysis of micro and macro legal framework, we believe that the operation of judicial power in our country is based on corresponding legal norms. But in the specific operation of judicial power, there are two kinds of anomie of judicial power: direct violation of legal norms and indirect violation of legal norms. The relevant examples show that there is no more institutionalized prescriptive force for the above-mentioned misconduct of judicial power operation.
The second chapter mainly analyzes the historical experience of the extraterritorial jurisdiction statute.Through the analysis of the experience of the development of the extraterritorial jurisdiction in the main countries,we find that the judicial power may indeed run out of order in the course of its evolution.On the relief level of the judicial power operation out of order,the foreign countries mostly rely on the relatively perfect judicial power statute system. In practice, the above-mentioned statute system of judicial power mainly consists of the following several statutes: one is political statute, that is, the statute of the rule of law operation of political party politics on the operation of judicial power; the other is functional statute, that is, by means of the constitution to allocate different state power, so that the operation of such state power on the other state power function. The third is the situational convention, which is based on the case justice characteristics of the operation of judicial power and conditioned by specific situations and external stimuli.
The third chapter mainly discusses the political stipulation of the constitution of the judicial power statute system in our country.The ruling party's ruling behavior is an important political stipulation for the concrete operation of the judicial power.But the ruling party's political stipulation pursues the legitimacy of the political rule while the operation of the judicial power follows the concrete legal law. In China, there are two bad tendencies in dealing with the relationship between the Party's leadership and judicial independence: pan-politicization and depoliticization. To reverse the above bad tendencies, we need to resort to politics. Reform in two aspects: rule by law and judicial technology.
Chapter Four mainly analyzes the functional statutes of the statute system of judicial power in China. In the aspect of constructing the statute system of judicial power, China is accustomed to implementing a functional statute by means of the supervision of the people's Congress to the judiciary and the restriction of administration to the judiciary. Independence in the sense of meaning. For the specific subject of judicial power operation, the NPC supervises and the executive power constitutes a kind of other legal statute. But the problem of his legal statute system is that it may cause the legislative power to replace the judicial power or the executive power to replace the judicial power because it ignores the technical rationality of the judicial power, thus leading to the judicial power. The proper constitution of the statute system of judicial power should be based on respecting the rationality of judicial skills.
The fifth chapter mainly advocates the self-discipline construction of a judicial power statute system. The concrete construction of the judicial power statute system objectively needs the political statute at the level of the ruling party, the functional statute of the power of other countries, etc. But the above statute strength can be attributed to the sequence of other statutes. Whether the contractual power can exert its due positive rather than negative effects or not will ultimately rest on the construction of a self-disciplined system of judicial power statutes. The judicial operation mechanism is accomplished by a fair judicial procedure.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926
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