论中国特色社会主义检察制度的完善

发布时间：2019-03-14 17:37

【摘要】：检察制度是国家设置专门机关代表国家检察控诉违法犯罪活动，从而保障国家法律公平有效实施的一项政治制度，，是一个国家检察机关的性质、职能、工作原则及各项工作制度的总称。在世界范围内，检察制度建立的理论基础主要有两种：一是西方资本主义国家的权力制衡理论；二是社会主义国家苏联的列宁的法律监督理论。作为社会主义国家，我国借鉴了列宁的法律监督理论并结合了本国国情创建了有中国特色的社会主义检察制度。本文的研究思路主要是：首先，从历史的角度考察了检察制度的发展状况，得出了检察制度的产生符合历史发展规律这一认识。其次，深入分析研究了我国现行检察制度的主要内容及特色。再次，通过对我国现行检察制度的内容分析研究的基础上发现了我国现行检察制度存在的问题及不足之处。最后，针对我国现行检察制度存在的问题及不足之处提出了完善的建议。 2011年3月8日，全国人大常委委员长吴邦国在十一届全国人大一次会议作全国人大常委会工作报告时指出中国特色社会主义法律体系已经基本形成。检察制度作为我国法律体系的重要组成部分也已经基本具备了相对完善的体系。但是在发展和运行过程中，我国检察制度仍存不足之处。其中，问题主要有以下几个方面：第一，关于检察权的定性上仍存有较大争议，不利于检察权的正常行使。第二，检察制度缺乏法律上的支撑。第三，检察机关领导体制不尽合理。第四，检察机关内部运行机制尚未理顺。针对以上存在的问题，笔者根据我国国情提出了完善检察制度应遵循的原则和可以采取的措施。首先在改革中要坚持立足国情、符合政治背景、坚持循序渐进和借鉴与创新相结合的四个原则。其次论证了我国检察权应当定性为法律监督权，提出了完善检察制度相关立法、完善检察机关领导体制和内部运行机制的若干建议。检察制度的改革是一项繁琐工程，彻底否定我国现行检察制度和全盘吸收国外检察制度都是不恰当的。只有坚持党的领导，符合社会主义法制建设的要求，坚持改革，才能把我国检察制度建设成一个“公正、独立、高效、权威、廉洁”的制度。
[Abstract]:The procuratorial system is a political system that the state set up special organs to represent the state procuratorial complaints against illegal and criminal activities so as to ensure the fair and effective implementation of national laws. It is the nature and function of a national procuratorial organ. The general name of the working principles and systems. In the world, there are two theoretical bases for the establishment of procuratorial system: one is the theory of checks and balances of power in western capitalist countries; the other is Lenin's theory of legal supervision in the Soviet Union of socialist countries. As a socialist country, our country draws lessons from Lenin's theory of legal supervision and sets up a socialist procuratorial system with Chinese characteristics. The main research ideas of this paper are as follows: firstly, this paper examines the development of procuratorial system from a historical point of view, and draws a conclusion that the emergence of procuratorial system conforms to the law of historical development. Secondly, in-depth analysis of the main content and characteristics of the current procuratorial system in China. Thirdly, on the basis of analyzing and studying the content of the present procuratorial system in our country, the problems and shortcomings of the present procuratorial system in our country are found. Finally, in view of the existing problems and shortcomings of our country's current procuratorial system, some suggestions are put forward. On March 8, 2011, Wu Bangguo, chairman of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress (NPC), pointed out that the legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics had been basically formed when he gave a report on the work of the standing Committee of the Eleventh National people's Congress. The procuratorial system, as an important part of the legal system in our country, has basically had a relatively perfect system. However, in the process of development and operation, China's procuratorial system still has shortcomings. Among them, the main problems are as follows: first, there are still great disputes about the nature of procuratorial power, which is not conducive to the normal exercise of procuratorial power. Second, the procuratorial system lacks legal support. Third, the leading system of procuratorial organs is unreasonable. Fourthly, the internal operating mechanism of procuratorial organs has not been straightened out. In view of the above problems, the author puts forward the principles and measures to improve the procuratorial system according to the national conditions of our country. First of all, it is necessary to adhere to the four principles of gradual progress and combination of reference and innovation, based on the national conditions, in line with the political background. Secondly, it demonstrates that the procuratorial power should be defined as the legal supervision power, and puts forward some suggestions on perfecting the relevant legislation of procuratorial system, perfecting the leading system and internal operating mechanism of procuratorial organs. The reform of procuratorial system is a tedious project. It is inappropriate to completely deny the present procuratorial system and absorb foreign procuratorial system in an all-round way. Only by adhering to the leadership of the Party, conforming to the requirements of the socialist legal system and adhering to the reform, can the procuratorial system of our country be built into a system of "justice, independence, efficiency, authority and integrity".
【学位授予单位】：西安工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.3

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