合议审判制度的法理评析

发布时间：2019-03-16 07:32

【摘要】：合议审判制度具有“多人参与平等参与民主决策独立审判”四项基本原则,其制度设计的目标是希望通过抑制主观偏见做到集思广益实现诉讼民主、预防司法腐败来达到对案件的公正审判。然而在我国的司法实践中出现了“形合实独”、“合而不议”等诸多问题。笔者认为,当前我国合议制度在实践中暴露的问题,究其原因有合议制度本身的局限性,但更重要的原因在于我们对合议制度的基本概念理念运行机制的理解有偏差,加上我国司法环境中浓厚的行政化倾向的影响,才造成了合议审判制度当前的困境。本文在综合司法实践中出现的问题和法理学相关内容,以历史法学和比较法学的视角对合议制度的运行进行分析,着重指出困扰当前我国合议制度运行中的不适当的做法和观念上的误区,对我国司法中的合议审判制度的解读和重构提出一些有建设性的建议,希望能对合议制度的发展和完善有所裨益。全文共分为四章: 第一章主要是对合议制度的基本概念、原理和合议制度的历史沿革重新做出解读,首先,对合议制度的基本概念做出分析;接着指出合议制度的分类情况和合议制度的基本设计原理、优势及局限性;最后对中国历史上曾经采用的合议制度做一些概述,以历史的视角考察其对现代合议审判制度发展的影响。第二章主要是对中国当前司法实践中合议制度的现状及问题做出阐述。首先指出合议制度实践中的“形合实独”、规避职业风险等问题;其次重点对“案件承办人”制度中的行政化倾向和弊端进行剖析;最后对审判委员会与合议庭关系问题与案件请批制度改革等焦点问题进行分析。第三章主要是在反思合议制度本土发展问题的同时,以比较法的视角探究国外合议制度的发展、变迁及经验。首先对国外历史上曾出现的合议制度与我国的相关制度进行对比和分析;其次重点剖析英美陪审制度发展及改革,吸收其中对我国合议制度发展有利的经验,其他国家在对合议制的解读以及在民间智慧吸收的方法方面与我国均存在着很多差异之处,而制度之间一旦有了差异就有了变迁的可能性,陪审制度对我国合议制度的发展和改革提供了重要的参考。第四章在前三章的基础之上对我国当前合议制度的改革方向和方案做出结论,首先程序分流与审判组织互换机制需要完善;其次案件承办人制度在责任划分和平等参与机制上需要改变;再次应当控制进入审委会的案件数量及范围,做到转变审委会职能,应当明确审委会存在的历史阶段性;最后,借鉴西方陪审制度发展中重视民意、尊重民间智慧及强调理性等经验,在我国建立起专家陪审员制度及真正重视人民陪审员的审理和评议权。
[Abstract]:The collegial trial system has "multiple participants?" Equal participation? Democratic decision-making? Independent trial "four basic principles, the aim of its system design is to hope by suppressing subjective bias?" To brainstorm? Realize litigation democracy, prevent judicial corruption to achieve a fair trial of the case. However, in the judicial practice of our country, there are many problems, such as "concordance with actual independence", "concurrence without discussing" and so on. The author thinks that the reason for the problems exposed in the practice of collegial system in our country is the limitation of collegial system itself, but the more important reason lies in the basic concept of collegiate system. Ideas? The deviation of the understanding of the operating mechanism and the influence of the strong administrative tendency in the judicial environment of our country have caused the current dilemma of the collegial trial system. This paper analyzes the operation of collegial system from the perspective of historical law and comparative law from the perspectives of historical law and comparative law, and analyzes the problems arising from the comprehensive judicial practice and the relevant contents of jurisprudence. It emphatically points out the improper practices and misunderstandings in the operation of the collegial system in our country, and puts forward some constructive suggestions on the interpretation and reconstruction of the collegial judicial system in our country, I hope it can be beneficial to the development and perfection of collegiate system. The full text is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is mainly to the collegiate system basic concept, the principle and the collegiate system historical evolution to make the interpretation again, first, makes the analysis to the collegiate system basic concept; Then it points out the classification of collegial system and the basic design principles, advantages and limitations of collegial system. Finally, the author makes an overview of the collegial system used in Chinese history and examines its influence on the development of modern collegial trial system from the historical point of view. The second chapter mainly expounds the current situation and problems of collegiate system in China's current judicial practice. First of all, the author points out the problems in the practice of collegiate system, such as "conformative and practical independence", avoiding professional risks, etc. Secondly, it analyzes the administrative tendency and disadvantages in the system of "case-bearers". Finally, the relationship between the trial committee and the collegial panel and the reform of the petition system are analyzed. The third chapter explores the development, change and experience of foreign collegial system from the perspective of comparative law while reflecting on the local development of collegial system. Firstly, the author compares and analyzes the collegial system that appeared in the history of foreign countries and the related system of our country. Secondly, it focuses on the development and reform of the jury system in the United Kingdom and the United States, and absorbs the experience which is beneficial to the development of the collegial system in our country. There are many differences between other countries and China in the interpretation of collegial system and the methods of absorbing folk wisdom. Once there is a difference between the systems, there is a possibility of change. Jury system provides an important reference for the development and reform of the collegial system in China. On the basis of the first three chapters, the fourth chapter draws a conclusion on the reform direction and scheme of the current collegial system in our country. Firstly, the mechanism of procedure diversion and judicial organization interchange needs to be improved. Secondly, the system of case bearers needs to be changed in the division of responsibilities and the mechanism of equal participation. Once again, the number and scope of cases entering the trial committee should be controlled, and the functions of the committee should be changed, and the historical stages of the existence of the committee should be clearly defined. Finally, drawing lessons from the experience of attaching importance to public opinion, respecting folk wisdom and emphasizing rationality in the development of the jury system in the west, we have established the expert jury system in our country and really attached importance to the trial and evaluation rights of people's jurors.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2

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