和谐社会语境下的人民调解制度研究

发布时间：2019-04-02 10:21

【摘要】：调解制度是我国司法制度的重要组成部分,它由司法调解、行政调解和人民调解构成一个完整的调解体系。在这个体系中,人民调解居于重要地位。人民调解属于民间调解的范畴,而民间调解自西周创立至今已有几千年历史。我国现行人民调解制度是在吸收历史上民间调解的合理因素逐步形成和发展起来的,并经过中国共产党领导下的革命根据地司法实践的不断推陈出新、创造性地转化为富有中国特色的人民调解制度。由于其解决纠纷的实际效果十分显著,因而一直被海外学者誉为“东方一枝花”。伴随共和国成长的历史表明,人民调解制度由于其植根于广大群众之中,显示了无比强大的生命力和优越性,在社会主义改革和现代化建设中发挥了巨大的作用。笔者撷取人民调解制度为研究对象,回溯调解制度的历史渊源,阐述了人民调解制度在近现代的形成与发展,认识其曾在20世纪80年代达到发展的巅峰；随着改革开放的深化,各种矛盾凸显叠加,人民调解制度陷入了历史上的低谷时期；2003年前后,国务院、司法部、最高人民法院以及地方各级政府和法院采取了一系列积极措施予以补救,使人民调解制度开始逐步复兴。本文以人民调解跌宕起伏的历史发展作为研究的基础,考察了人民调解兴衰成败的历史与现实原因,深度剖析了人民调解发展的困境,提出了人民调解完善的路径。全文分五章进行阐述：第一章绪论部分,介绍本文选题的渊源与研究意义、相关研究文献综述与评价,本文的学术价值、研究的重难点以及研究方法。第二章论述了人民调解制度的现代沿革。对传统调解制度作历史全貌的概括介绍,作为研究人民调解制度的理论基础;陈述了建国前人民调解制度的萌芽、形成与定型；把建国后的人民调解制度的发展划分为人民调解制度的确立与繁荣、人民调解制度的衰退和人民调解制度复兴三个历史阶段。最给力的是2010年8月28日第十一届全国人大常委会第十六次会议审议通过的、2011年1月1日起实施《中华人民共和国人民调解法》,是人民调解制度发展的一座里程碑,使这项具有中国特色化解矛盾、消除纷争的非诉讼纠纷解决方式步入法制化、规范化的轨道,这也为研究人民调解制度更好地发挥其社会作用提供了一个新的平台。第三章解析人民调解制度的价值。随着市场经济体制的建立和发展,调解制度原有的存在基础发生了巨大变化,有学者对人民调解制度的走向产生了一定的质疑。基于这一现状,笔者梳理了当今理论界人民调解制度的存废之争,论证了人民调解深化发展的必要性和可能性。从人民调解制度的法律文化传统以及现代市场经济发展的需求两方面论证了人民调解的合理性,详细论述了人民调解制度的法治价值。在明确人民调解制度价值的前提下,对人民调解制度涉及的相关概念进行了界定与阐释,包括人民调解自身的概念和性质,民间纠纷的概念、范围和特征等,并依托于人民调解法分析了人民调解制度的法律地位。第四章详细分析了我国人民调解制度面临的困境。重点分析了我国人民调解制度面临的三方面困境：当前民间纠纷的变化给人民调解带来的挑战；涉及人民调解的一些立法存在着不足与缺陷；从价值层面和实践层面两个维度分析了人民调解制度建设层面存在的问题与不足。针对困境剖析其深层次根源,主要表现在传统文化渐行渐弱削弱了人民调解和市场经济体制对人民调解的冲击两方面。第五章在理论探讨和实践研究的基础上,提出了和谐社会中的人民调解制度的完善路径。基于近年来学术界关于调解功能的不同认识,通过对基层人民调解社会调查获得的第一手资料研究,经过理论和实践两方面的考证,对和谐社会中的调解功能予以科学的定位即解纷的功能和社会自治的功能。论述了人民调解制度完善的前提,即人民调解外部氛围的重塑,包括树立以人为本共赢互利的理念、构建有利于社会和谐稳定发展的政治经济体制、塑造解决矛盾纠纷的刚性机制与柔性机制、建立通畅的社会沟通机制、引导公民树立正确的的公平观、重建社会信任等。人民调解制度的完善路径主要有：立法的完善,包括人民调解的范围、人民调解前置制度,人民调解员的准入制度及调解程序的丰富等；对与人民调解制度相关的一些问题提出了对应的解决措施,如国家财政大力支持、推动法律援助、律师公证等法律服务介入人民调解工作、鼓励和引导群众把人民调解方式作为解决纠纷的第一选择、大调解机制下的人民调解工作室等措施辅助人民调解发展；实行仲裁与调解相结合；借鉴美英日等国的ADR制度,促进人民调解的完善,使我国的多元化解纷方式功能互补与良性互动,共同促进和谐社会的持续发展。
[Abstract]:The mediation system is an important part of our judicial system. It is composed of judicial mediation, administrative mediation and people's mediation to form a complete system of mediation. In this system, people's mediation plays an important role. People's mediation belongs to the category of folk mediation, and folk mediation has been founded in the Western Zhou Dynasty for thousands of years. The present people's mediation system of the People's Republic of China is formed and developed in the light of the reasonable factors of the civil mediation in the history of the Chinese Communist Party, and the reform of the judicial practice of the revolutionary base areas under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is a new and creative transformation into the people's mediation system with Chinese characteristics. As the actual effect of the dispute settlement is very significant, it has been "a branch of the East" by overseas scholars. The history of the development of the Republic shows that the people's mediation system, because it is rooted in the broad masses, has shown great vitality and superiority, and has played a great role in the socialist reform and the modernization construction. The author takes the people's mediation system as the research object, and backtracking the historical origin of the mediation system, expounds the formation and development of the people's mediation system in the modern times, and realizes the peak of the development of the people's mediation system in the 1980s; with the deepening of the reform and opening-up, various contradictions highlight the stack In addition, the system of people's mediation was in the trough of history; in 2003, the State Council, the Ministry of Justice, the Supreme People's Court and the local governments and courts at all levels adopted a series of positive measures to remedy, and the people's mediation system began to gradually On the basis of the historical development of the ups and downs of the people's mediation, this paper studies the historical and practical reasons of the success or failure of the people's mediation, and analyzes the plight of the people's mediation and development, and puts forward the way to perfect the people's mediation. A. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, the introduction section, introduces the origin and research significance of the subject, the review and evaluation of the relevant research literature, the academic value, the difficulty of the study and the research. The second chapter discusses the system of people's mediation. On the basis of the general introduction of the traditional mediation system as the theoretical basis of the study of the people's mediation system, the development of the people's mediation system after the founding of the People's Republic of China is divided into the people's mediation system. The Establishment and the Prosperity, the Recession of the People's Mediation System and the Revival of the People's Mediation System At the 16th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 28,2010, the most important force is the implementation of the People's Republic of China Law on the People's Republic of China on January 1,2011. It is a milestone in the development of the people's mediation system, which made it a milestone in the development of the people's mediation system. The non-litigation dispute settlement method of resolving the contradiction and eliminating the dispute has entered a legal and standardized track, which also provides an effective way for the study of the people's mediation system to play its social role. A new platform. The third chapter analyzes the people With the establishment and development of the market economic system, the existing base of the mediation system has changed greatly, and some scholars have made great changes to the people's mediation system. On the basis of the present situation, the author has combed the dispute of the people's mediation in the field of people's mediation, and demonstrated the deepening of the people's mediation. The necessity and possibility. The rationality of the people's mediation is demonstrated from the legal and cultural traditions of the people's mediation system and the demand of the development of the modern market economy. The people's mediation is discussed in detail. On the premise of defining the value of the people's mediation system, the concept of the people's mediation system is defined and explained, including the concept and nature of the people's mediation itself, the concept of the civil dispute The people's mediation is analyzed based on the people's adjustment method. The legal status of the system is analyzed in detail in the fourth chapter. The dilemma of the mediation system is analyzed. The three aspects of the system of the people's mediation in our country are analyzed. The challenges of the change of the present civil dispute to the people's mediation are analyzed, and some of the problems concerning the people's mediation are involved. There are defects and defects in the law, and the construction of the people's mediation system is analyzed from the two dimensions of the value and the practical level. The problems and shortcomings of the face are not enough. In view of the deep root cause of the predicament, the main performance of the traditional culture is weakening the people's mediation and the market economic system. The fifth chapter puts forward a harmonious society based on the theory and practice. The perfect path of the people's mediation system. Based on the different understanding of the mediation function in the academic circles in recent years, through the first-hand information obtained by the people's mediation and social investigation of the grass-roots level, The textual research on the two aspects of the theory and practice is to make a scientific positioning of the mediation function in the harmonious society, that is, to solve the problem The function of the people's mediation system, that is, the reconstruction of the external atmosphere of the people's mediation, including the idea of building the people-oriented and win-win and mutual benefit, constructing the political economic system which is conducive to the harmonious and stable development of the society, and shaping the solution of the contradiction. The flexible mechanism and the flexible mechanism, establish a smooth social communication mechanism, and guide the citizens to establish the right The perfect path of the people's mediation system is: the perfection of the legislation, including the scope of the people's mediation, the pre-system of the people's mediation, the access system of the people's mediators and the enrichment of the mediation procedure, and some questions related to the people's mediation system. The questions put forward corresponding solutions, such as the strong support of the State, the promotion of legal services such as legal aid and the notarization of lawyers and the intervention of the people's mediation, and encouraged and guided the masses to use the people's mediation as the first choice to resolve the dispute and the people's mediation working room under the large mediation mechanism. The measures to assist the people's mediation and development; the combination of arbitration and mediation; the improvement of the people's mediation by referring to the ADR system of the countries such as the United States and the United States, and the complementary and benign interaction of the function complementation and the benign interaction of our country's diversified solutions
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926

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