读律与哀矜:清代中国听审的核心概念

发布时间：2019-05-06 10:08

【摘要】：读律与哀矜,既是清代中国听审经验之总结,又是听审实践之指南,因此成为清代听审折狱的核心概念。司法官员是否具备法律知识与能否依法听审,乃是清代法律的关键问题。清代法律有"讲读律令"的专门规定,司法官员是否"讲读律令",是否"通晓律意",是他们在听审断狱时能否"具引律例"的一个前提条件。另一方面,儒家倡导的"仁政",是"爱"或"爱民"的政治,也是以情感为基础的政治。"哀矜"是司法官员的同情之心和怜悯之情,也是"仁爱"的一层意思。哀矜与读律、慎刑、中罚、心服等司法的核心理念之间,都存在着关联。清代中国"情法两尽"的司法模式,与要求司法官员以"读律与哀矜"来听审,实际上是一种互为因果的关系。
[Abstract]:Reading the law and mourning is not only a summary of the experience of hearing in Qing Dynasty, but also a guide to the practice of hearing, so it has become the core concept of the prison of hearing in Qing Dynasty. Whether the judicial officials have the knowledge of law and whether they can hear the trial according to law is the key issue of the Qing Dynasty law. The law of Qing Dynasty has the special stipulation of "reading the law", whether the judicial officials "read the law" or not "know the law" is a prerequisite for them to "quote the law" when they hear and judge the prison. On the other hand, "benevolence" advocated by Confucianism is not only the politics of "love" or "love for the people", but also the politics based on emotion. "mourning" is the compassion and compassion of judicial officials, and it is also a layer of meaning of "benevolence". There is a connection between mourning and the core concepts of justice, such as reading the law, cautious punishment, middle penalty, obedience and so on. In the Qing Dynasty, the judicial model of "the two ends of the emotion law" and the requirement for judicial officials to listen to the trial with "reading the law and mourning" is actually a kind of mutual cause and effect relationship.
【作者单位】：中山大学法学院;中山大学法学理论与法律实践研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目(10AFX005) 广东省哲学社会科学“十一五”规划项目(GD10CFX02)
【分类号】：D926;D929

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