公司担保法律规则的价值冲突与司法考量

发布时间：2018-02-05 05:12

本文关键词： 公司担保赋权性与强制性多元法益价值冲突司法理念　出处：《中外法学》2012年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：无论是理论界还是实务部门,对于2005年《公司法》中的公司担保规则的理解,均远未达成一致。各方争议的焦点集中于该法第16条第1款的属性、公司的内部行为(公司章程和内部机构决议)是否具有外部效力、能否构成诉讼中的请求权基础等。对于近年来公司担保案件的实证分析表明,法院倾向于判定违背公司章程的担保有效,即便少数案件判处担保无效,担保人也要承担债务清偿责任。这种偏重交易效率、追求司法便利的价值观,强化了市场主体的滥权和机会主义心理,忽视了股东、雇员、其他债权人等多元法益的保护。分析表明,第16条第1款应当为赋权性与强制性相结合的条款,一旦公司担保程序由公司内部要求提升为法律规定,即具有推定公知的属性,担保权人须承担合理的审查义务,否则应承担不利之后果。公司担保属于处分公司资产的行为,法院须本着审慎保守之立场,方能倒逼担保权人细为审查公司章程和相关决议。一方面可以减少争端、降低讼累,另一方面则可渐次形成诚实守信与醇厚善良的商业文化,久而久之将降低社会交易成本,增进社会福祉。
[Abstract]:Neither the theorists nor the practice departments have reached an agreement on the rules of corporate security in the Company Law of 2005. The focus of the controversy is on the attributes of section 16, paragraph 1, of the Act. Whether the company's internal behavior (articles of association and internal agency resolutions) has external effect or not, whether it can form the basis of claim in litigation, etc. The empirical analysis of corporate guarantee cases in recent years shows that, Courts tend to decide that guarantees that violate the company's articles of association are valid, and that even in a few cases where the guarantee is invalid, the guarantor is liable for the repayment of the debt, a value that emphasizes the efficiency of the transaction and seeks judicial convenience. It strengthens the abuse of power and opportunism of the market subjects, neglects the protection of the multiple legal interests of shareholders, employees and other creditors. The analysis shows that article 16, paragraph 1, should be a combination of empowerment and compulsion. As soon as the company security procedure is promoted from the internal requirements of the company to a legal provision, that is, it has a presumption of public knowledge, the security right holder has a reasonable obligation to examine, otherwise it should bear the adverse consequences. The company guarantees belong to the assets of the branch office, The court must be cautious and conservative in order to force the security right holder to scrutinize the articles of association and the relevant resolutions. On the one hand, it can reduce disputes and reduce litigation, on the other hand, it can gradually develop a business culture of honesty, trustworthiness and mellow kindness, Over time, it will reduce social transaction costs and improve social well-being.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学;
【基金】：教育部课题“中国证券监管制度之完善”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.291.91
【正文快照】： 在通常情况下，法律规则的颁行，当可定分止争;但在少数情况下，法律规则本身却成为了争议的制造者。公司法关于公司担保的规定即属其一。无论是理论界还是实务部门，，对于公司担保问题的争议，并没有随着2005年《中华人民共和国公司法})(以下称“2005年《公司法》”)对于原《

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