论股东基于出资对公司之债权人的责任

发布时间：2018-02-13 06:35

本文关键词： 出资未完成公司之债权人有限责任清算　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国司法实践中的做法以及我国《公司法司法解释三》第十三条的规定将出资未完成股东直接置于公司之债权人的求偿权面前，以公司人格否认、债权人代位权等相关制度为依据使得未完成出资的股东可被判决直接对公司的债权人承担限额内的责任，即使在2013年末公司资本制度变为注册资本认缴登记制后司法实践中仍保留了这一做法，这一保留的实践做法与新公司法理念和规定并不相符，笔者认为这一司法实践规则是对公司法律关系认识不清的体现，其虽有一定的实践价值，但是同时也导致了一系列的诸如多重诉讼、债权人之间利益冲突等各种问题，这种实践规则对公司法律关系及基本原理的忽视使它很难摆脱“权宜之策”之嫌。公司独立人格与股东有限责任是现代公司法精神的核心之一，公司一经成立即具有独立人格，股东出资的未完成虽然影响公司的资本与运作但它本质上仍属于公司内部关系，公司内部关系和公司作为一个法人对外的关系是完全不同的两种关系，而经笔者调查我国法院近几年来却往往判决瑕疵出资股东（新公司法实施之后该称呼改为未完成出资的股东较为合适）对公司之债权人直接承担在其出资限额内的责任（连带清偿责任或补充赔偿责任），笔者认为这种做法是对法律关系的混淆并有违公司法的精神，并且实际上这种做法并没有真正的满足所谓的实践需要反而从长远来看导致了实践上诸如债权人受偿不公等很多问题，所以笔者认为法院的这种做法应该得到改正，明晰案件中公司内部与外部的关系，以更公正有效的方法解决未完成出资股东对公司、公司对公司之债权人的责任问题。本文以我国法院2005年以来对未完成出资股东对公司之债权人的责任的相关判决裁定的案例为研究对象，立足公司法的基本原理和精神，分析讨论我国司法实践中就此问题存在的错误以及改正建议，以期对公司法领域该问题处理的权责制度的完善有所裨益，，以公司法之基本原理和精神解决我国司法实践中面对的以及将要面对的越来越复杂的公司、股东、公司之债权人间的问题。
[Abstract]:The practice in judicial practice in our country and the provisions of Article 13th of the Judicial interpretation of Company Law in our country put the uncompleted shareholders in front of the creditor's claim right of the company directly, and deny it with the company's personality. Relevant systems such as the creditor's right of subrogation make it possible for shareholders who have not completed their capital contribution to be sentenced directly to the creditors of the company for liability within the limits, Even after the change of the company capital system into the registered capital subscription registration system in end of 2013, this practice is still retained in judicial practice, which is inconsistent with the concept and provisions of the new company law. The author thinks that this judicial practice rule is the embodiment of unclear understanding of the legal relationship of the company. Although it has certain practical value, it also leads to a series of problems such as multiple litigation, conflicts of interest among creditors and so on. It is difficult to get rid of the "expedient strategy" because of the neglect of the company's legal relations and basic principles. The independent personality and limited liability of shareholders is one of the core of the spirit of modern company law. Once the company becomes a company, it has an independent personality immediately. Although the uncompleted contribution of shareholders affects the capital and operation of the company, it still belongs to the internal relationship of the company in essence. The internal relations between the company and the external relations of the company as a legal person are completely different. However, the author has investigated that in recent years, the court of our country has often decided that the shareholders with defective capital contribution (which is more appropriate after the implementation of the new company law) bear directly on the creditors of the company within the limit of their capital contribution. The author thinks that this kind of practice is a confusion of the legal relationship and violates the spirit of the Company Law. And in fact, this practice does not really meet the so-called practical needs, on the contrary, in the long run, it has led to many problems in practice, such as the unfair compensation of creditors, and so on. Therefore, the author believes that this practice of the court should be corrected. To clarify the internal and external relationship between the company and the company in the case, and to solve the liability of the shareholders to the company and the creditors of the company in a more just and effective way. This article takes the case of the judgment and ruling on the liability of the uncompleted shareholders to the creditors of the company since 2005 as the object of study, based on the basic principle and spirit of the company law. This paper analyzes and discusses the mistakes existing in the judicial practice of our country and puts forward some suggestions to correct them, in the hope of improving the system of power and responsibility in the field of company law. The basic principle and spirit of company law are used to solve the more and more complex problems between companies, shareholders and creditors in the judicial practice of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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