我国公司发起人民事责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 03:32

本文选题：公司发起人 + 民事责任　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：公司和其他商事组织一样,其发展必然要经过设立、存续和消亡这三个基本阶段。公司发起人作为公司设立三大要素之中人的要素,对公司是否可以成功设立起着决定性的作用。世界各国通过立法,规范公司发起人责任制度,以保证公司健全人格的形成和市场经济秩序的稳定。本文从我国现行的公司发起人民事责任制度的立法现状出发,分析其内容缺失和配套制度不完善等弊端,以构建系统而完整的公司发起人民事责任制度为目标,以公司设立不同结果引致发起人承担不同的民事责任为主线,综合运用了实证的方法和比较的方法,系统地论述了公司发起人应该承担的民事责任,并对完善我国公司发起人民事责任制度提出了意见和建议。本文由导言、正文四章和结语组成。笔者在导言中根据公司在市场经济中的重要地位,论证公司发起人设立公司的行为对未来的公司和其他市场主体可能产生巨大影响。说明《中华人民共和国公司法》(以下简称“《公司法》”)和《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(三)》(以下简称“《公司法解释三》”)是我国现行公司发起人责任制度的主要法律依据。导言还明确了本论文的研究范围仅限于公司发起人责任制度中的民事责任制度。笔者在第一章中主要论述了公司设立、公司发起人和发起人协议的含义。公司设立是发起人依照公司法的规定,在公司成立之前为组建公司进行的,目的在于取得法律主体资格的一系列法律行为的总称。公司发起人必须符合一定的资格,并有人数的限制。发起人通过签署发起人协议开始设立公司的活动。发起人协议的性质是合伙协议,该性质影响了发起人的法律地位及发起人对内和对外应该承担的民事责任。笔者在第二章中主要论述了发起人设立行为的法律性质和发起人的法律地位。这两个方面确定了公司发起人承担相关民事责任的理由和方式。公司发起人的法律地位对内对外有所不同,对内发起人承担连带责任,对外发起人整体作为设立中公司的执行机关与商事主体发生权利义务关系。笔者在第三章中分析了发起人民事责任的特点,并根据公司设立成功与否的结果,分别论述了发起人可能承担的不同民事责任。在公司设立失败时,发起人的民事责任主要体现为发起人对认股人和第三人的债权性责任、侵权赔偿责任。在公司设立成功时,除了债权性责任和侵权赔偿责任,发起人还必须承担物权性的资本充实责任。笔者在第四章中主要探讨了《公司法》和《公司法解释三》对构建我国公司发起人民事责任制度的贡献和不足之处,并对如何完善公司发起人民事责任制度提出了建议和意见,指出只有通过立法进一步完善公司发起人民事责任体系,并且加强配套制度的建设,才能使公司发起人民事责任制度的效力得以充分的体现。
[Abstract]:Like other commercial organizations, the development of corporations must go through the three basic stages of establishment, survival and extinction. As one of the three elements of the company's establishment, the promoter plays a decisive role in the successful establishment of the company. Countries all over the world pass legislation to standardize the responsibility system of company sponsors in order to ensure the formation of sound personality and the stability of market economic order. Based on the current legislative situation of the corporate promoters' civil liability system in China, this paper analyzes its defects, such as lack of content and imperfect supporting system, with the aim of constructing a systematic and complete civil liability system for corporate promoters. Based on the main line of the different results of the establishment of the company leading the sponsors to bear different civil liabilities, this paper comprehensively applies the empirical method and the comparative method, and discusses systematically the civil liability that the promoters should bear. And put forward the opinion and suggestion to perfect our country company promoter civil liability system. This article consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the introduction, according to the important position of the company in the market economy, the author argues that the company sponsor's behavior of setting up the company may have a great influence on the company and other market subjects in the future. Explanation of the Company Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Company Law") and the provisions of the Supreme people's Court on the Application of the Company Law of the people's Republic of China (3) > (hereinafter referred to as "Company Law") Interpretation 3 > ") is the main legal basis of the current liability system of company sponsors in China. The introduction also clarifies that the research scope of this paper is limited to the civil liability system of corporate initiator liability system. In the first chapter, the author mainly discusses the meaning of company establishment, company sponsor and sponsor agreement. The establishment of a company is a general term of a series of legal acts for the purpose of obtaining the qualification of the legal subject, which is carried out by the promoters in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law for the establishment of the company before the establishment of the company. Company sponsors must meet certain qualifications and have a limited number of people. The initiator begins the establishment of a company by signing a sponsor agreement. The nature of promoters' agreement is partnership agreement, which affects the legal status of promoters and the civil liability that promoters should bear both internally and externally. In the second chapter, the author mainly discusses the legal nature and the legal status of the initiator. These two aspects determine the reasons and ways for the company sponsors to bear the relevant civil liability. The legal status of company promoters is different from that of domestic and foreign sponsors, and they bear joint and several liability to the internal promoters. As the executive organ of the company being established, the foreign promoters as a whole have a relationship of rights and obligations with the commercial subject. In the third chapter, the author analyzes the characteristics of the sponsors' civil liability, and discusses the different civil liabilities that the promoters may bear according to the results of the successful establishment of the company. When the company fails to set up, the civil liability of the promoters is mainly embodied in the creditor's liability and tort liability to the subscribers and the third party. In the successful establishment of the company, in addition to the liability of creditor's rights and tort, the initiator must also bear the responsibility of capital enrichment in real right. In the fourth chapter, the author mainly discusses the contribution and deficiency of Company Law and Company Law explanation to the construction of civil liability system of company promoters in China, and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions on how to perfect the civil liability system of company sponsors. It is pointed out that only by further perfecting the civil liability system of company promoters through legislation and strengthening the construction of supporting system can the effectiveness of civil liability system of company promoters be fully reflected.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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