公司合并中的债权人保护研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 02:23

本文选题：公司合并 + 债权人保护　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 公司合并是市场经济生活中较为常见的一种企业活动,它是指两个或两个以上的公司通过订立合并合同,归并为一个公司的法律行为。随着经济改革、国企战略改制等进一步的深入,我国的公司合并步伐亦进一步加快。公司合并既有助于资源的优化配置,又有利于产业结构的调整和优化,对我国经济发展同样具有非常重大的现实意义。公司合并中,不仅涉及原有公司股东权益保护、公司员工利益,而且对公司债权人等相关利益人都会产生重大影响。公司合并属于公司经营中的重大变动事项,会发生公司消灭和股东身份变化的法律效力。在吸收合并中,被合并公司的全部资产并入合并公司,被合并公司债权人赖以保障其利益的全部资产发生了转移,可能影响被合并公司债权人的利益；在新设合并中,合并各方公司的全部资产并入新设公司,合并各方公司债权人赖以保证其利益的全部资产都发生了转移,这就使得合并各方债权人的利益都可能受到影响。在公司合并过程中,对债权人利益保护也必须坚持一定原则,即公平与效益平衡原则、保护适度原则以及事前与事后配合原则。债权人在公司合并中享有的权利包括知悉权、清偿或担保的请求权、权利损害的救济请求权等,依照公司法的规定,债权人的上述权利均得到了一定的法律保障。 2005年修订的我国公司法试图达到对公司合并中债权人利益的保护目的。但事与愿违,由于保护机制的消极僵化,远未达到公司法保护公司合并中债权人利益的预期目标,因此在实践中产生了一系列的问题,包括：违反债权人保护程序规定的法律责任过轻；公司法关于公司合并中债权人利益保护规定过于笼统,面对实践中形形色色的公司合并债权人保护问题显得苍白无力；公司法对公司合并中债权人保护程序的规定又过于严格,没有较好的贯彻适度保护债权人原则；没有关于公司合并的限制性规定和公司合并无效的规定；债权人保护的不平等,过分强调对大债权人——银行的保护；等等。针对上述问题,本文认为,我国应以适度保护为原则,因合并方式不同而对债权人保护范围不同为导向,运用多角度、多措施的保护程序,构建出债权人的保护体系。第一,将公司法中的有关公司合并的部分提取出来,制定一部专门的公司合并法。第二,增加对公司合并的限制。第三,对公司合并无效的情形及后果做出详细规定,并对违反合并程序的公司责任做了相应的规定。第四,完善债权人保护程序机制以及明确债权人权利。第五,合理确定债权人异议权的条件和效力。
[Abstract]:Corporate merger is a common enterprise activity in the market economy. It refers to the legal act of two or more companies merging into one company by concluding a merger contract. With the deepening of economic reform and strategic reform of state-owned enterprises, the pace of merger of companies in China has been further accelerated. The combination of companies is not only helpful to the optimal allocation of resources, but also conducive to the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, which is also of great practical significance to the economic development of our country. The merger not only involves the protection of the shareholders' rights and interests of the original company and the interests of the employees, but also has a significant impact on the relevant stakeholders such as the creditors of the company. Corporate merger is a major change in the operation of the company, which will result in the legal effect of the elimination of the company and the change of the shareholder's identity. In the course of absorption and merger, all the assets of the merged company are merged into the merged company, and all the assets on which the creditors of the merged company rely to protect their interests have been transferred, which may affect the interests of the creditors of the merged company; in the new merger, All the assets of the merging company are merged into the new company, and all the assets on which the creditors of the merger company depend to guarantee their interests have been transferred, which may affect the interests of the creditors of the merging parties. In the process of company merger, the protection of creditors' interests must also adhere to certain principles, that is, the principle of balance between fairness and benefit, the principle of moderate protection, and the principle of prior and subsequent cooperation. The creditor's rights in the merger include the right to know, the right to pay off or guarantee, the right to remedy the damage, and so on. According to the provisions of the Company Law, the above rights of the creditor have been protected by law to a certain extent. The company law revised in 2005 tries to protect the interests of creditors in the merger. However, as a result of the negative rigidity of the protection mechanism, it is far from reaching the expected goal of the company law to protect the interests of creditors in the merger of the company, so a series of problems have arisen in practice. It includes: the legal liability of violating the provisions of creditor protection procedure is too light; the provisions of company law on the protection of creditors' interests in company merger are too general, and the protection of creditors of company merger appears to be weak in the face of various kinds of problems in practice. The provisions of the company law on the procedure for the protection of creditors in company merger are too strict and do not implement the principle of appropriate protection of creditors; there are no restrictive provisions on the merger of the company and the provisions on the invalidity of the merger of the company; the inequality of the protection of creditors, Overemphasize the protection of big creditors-banks; etc. In view of the above problems, this paper holds that our country should take the moderate protection as the principle, and the scope of creditor protection should be guided by the different merger methods, and use the multi-angle and multi-measure protection procedure to construct the creditor's protection system. The first is to draw up the relevant part of company merger in company law and formulate a special company merger law. Second, increase the restrictions on corporate mergers. Thirdly, it makes detailed regulations on the situation and consequences of the invalid merger and the liability of the company for violating the merger procedure. Fourth, perfect creditor protection procedure mechanism and clarify creditor rights. Fifthly, the condition and effect of creditor's right of dissent should be determined reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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