集体土地承包经营权股份化法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 03:36

本文选题：土地承包经营权 + 股份化　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“夫地利者,生民之命脉也”(《上李鸿章书》)。土地承包经营权曾根本性地扭转了农业发展的模式,并促成了农业产业化和规模化的发展。改革开放以来,随着市场的逐步放开,土地权益以各种方式走进公开市场。除国有土地使用权招拍挂的公开化、规范化和程序化外,农村集体土地使用权得以更加灵活的方式进入市场,并通过企业不动产权益等形式表现出来。即便如此,曾经极大促进农业生产发展的农村土地承包经营权却在市场流转方面遇到比较多的障碍,而研究农村土地承包经营权的流转制度也就显得意义重大。农村土地承包经营权进入市场的方式各异,其中土地承包经营权股份化作为农村土地产权移转的一种模式,现已成为最普遍的流转模式。在操作上,一般就是土地承包经营权人将其享有的土地承包经营权作为对企业的出资,折价入股后取得企业股权。土地承包经营权入股是近年来新兴的土地流转方式,相关法学理论研究和具体制度的构建都尚处在起步阶段。本文选取土地承包经营权入股有限责任公司为研究对象,根据土地承包经营权在市场流转中遇到的法律障碍,从实操性的角度对土地承包经营权入股的立法选择和相关配套制度提出若干构想。为此,本文以土地承包经营权入股有限责任公司的实质、价值诉求和现实意义作为突破口,采用跨学科综合性分析等方法,针对上述问题提出制度重构。全文共分为四个部分: 首先,从分析土地承包经营权股份化的基本含义入手,以经济学的视角,运用公平与效率理论对我国农地制度中公平与效率的体现和诉求进行分析,从而阐述我国农地利用制度的总体改革与发展方向,即土地规模化经营的发展趋势以及与之配套的农地社会保障功能的统一,并得出土地承包经营权股份化符合这一要求的结论。与此同时,本文将对各地农地使用权股份制模式进行考察与质评。其次,在理论层面上重点分析市场经济背景下土地承包经营权股份化的动因,即重点剖析我国现行农地利用制度存在的缺陷以及我国土地承包经营权权能的完善要求,同时对土地承包经营权股份化的理论实操性做初步探讨。在分析土地承包经营权股份化的现实意义的基础上,进一步阐述修正家庭联产承包责任制有利于城乡统一劳动力市场和促进资本市场的形成,并有利于建立农业生产的现代生产企业制度等。再次,以农村土地承包法、土地法、物权法等现行法律法规为依据,结合公司法的相关规定,论述在当前市场环境和法律框架下,土地承包经营权股份化的流转模式所面临的法律障碍和其他障碍。结合现行的规范,土地承包经营权股份化面临的法律障碍突出表现在:股份化对公司资本制度的冲击;公司设立的人数受限给土地承包经营权股份化带来的障碍;土地承包经营权的流转限制与企业自主经营权产生的强烈冲突;股权转让与农民股东退股规定的限制;公司存续永久性、破产清算与土地承包经营权期限性产生的冲突。土地承包经营权股份化的其他障碍主要表现在股份化与农民利益保护存在的一些矛盾和冲突。最后,结合我国的现实国情,提出土地承包经营权股份化的立法选择以及配套制度完善的设想。针对土地承包经营权股份化的特殊性,提出当前形势下只有实施新的专项法规《农业企业法》才能解决土地承包经营权股份化的障碍。同时,本文就关于该制度的股权配置、出资机制、退出机制、公司治理结构等方面问题提出具体的构想。总体上,土地承包经营权股份化是一项系统复杂的工程,需要其他相关制度的配套完善和其他行政管理办法的配套实施,如完善农村社会保障体系、健全土地承包经营权的流转制度等。
[Abstract]:The land contract management right has fundamentally reversed the mode of agricultural development and contributed to the development of agricultural industrialization and scale. Since the reform and opening up, the land rights and interests have come into the open market in various ways along with the gradual release of the market. In addition to the use of state-owned land, the right to use the land. Open, standardized and procedural, the rural collective land use right can be more flexible in the way of entering the market, and expressed through the rights and interests of the real estate. Even so, the rural land contract management right which has greatly promoted the development of agricultural production has encountered a lot of obstacles in the circulation of the market. The circulation system of village land contractual management right also appears to be significant.
The way of rural land contract management right into the market is different. As a mode of rural land property transfer, the shareholding of the land contract management right has become the most common mode of transfer. In operation, it is generally the land contracted management right that the land contracted management right will enjoy the land carrying capacity as capital contribution to the enterprise. It is a new way of land transfer in recent years. The related law theory research and the construction of specific system are still in the initial stage. This article selects the land contract management right to the limited liability company as the research object, and according to the legal obstacles encountered by the land contract management right in the market circulation, From the practical point of view, this paper puts forward some ideas about the legislative choice of the land contracted management right and the relevant supporting system. Therefore, this paper takes the essence of the limited liability company, the value appeal and the practical significance as a breakthrough, and uses the interdisciplinary comprehensive analysis and other methods to put forward the system reconfiguration in view of the above problems. The full text is divided into four parts:
First of all, starting with the analysis of the basic meaning of the shareholding of the land contract management right, this paper analyzes the expression and demand of equity and efficiency in the agricultural land system by using the theory of fairness and efficiency in the perspective of economics, and expounds the general reform and development direction of the land use system in China, that is the trend of the development of the land scale management and the trend of the development of the land scale management. Together with the unity of the social security function of farmland, the conclusion is drawn that the shareholding of the land contract management right conforms to this request. At the same time, this article will examine and evaluate the model of the shareholding system of land use right in various parts of the country.
Secondly, on the theoretical level, we focus on analyzing the motivation of the shareholding of the land contract management right under the background of the market economy, that is, the defects of the existing land use system in China and the improvement of the power of the land contract management right in China, and the theoretical practicality of the shareholding of the land contract management right. On the basis of the practical significance of the shareholding of the land contract management right, the paper further expounds that the revision of the household contract responsibility system is beneficial to the formation of the unified labor market in urban and rural areas and the promotion of the capital market, and is beneficial to the establishment of the modern production enterprise system of agricultural production.
Thirdly, on the basis of rural land contract law, land law, property law and other existing laws and regulations, combined with the relevant provisions of the company law, this paper discusses the legal obstacles and other obstacles faced by the transfer mode of the shareholding of land contracted management right under the current market environment and legal framework. The legal obstacles to the face are manifested in the following: the impact of Shareholding on the capital system of the company; the obstacles brought by the limited number of companies to the shareholding of the contractual management rights of the land; the strong conflict between the restriction of the transfer of the contractual management right of the land and the independent management of the enterprise; the restrictions on the equity transfer and the withdrawal of the shareholders of the shareholders; and the permanent permanent of the company. The conflict between the bankruptcy liquidation and the term of the contractual management right of land. Other obstacles to the shareholding of the land contract management right are mainly manifested in some contradictions and conflicts between the shareholding and the protection of the interests of the peasants.
Finally, combining with the actual conditions of our country, this paper puts forward the legislative choice of the shareholding of the land contract management right and the idea of perfecting the supporting system. In view of the particularity of the shareholding of the land contract management right, it is proposed that only the implementation of the new special laws and regulations < Agricultural Enterprise Law > can solve the obstacles to the shareholding of the land contract management right under the current situation. The paper puts forward some concrete ideas about the allocation of equity, the mechanism of capital contribution, the mechanism of withdrawal and the structure of corporate governance. In general, the shareholding of the land contract management right is a complex system, which needs the complete matching of other related systems and the supporting implementation of other administrative measures, such as improving the social security of the countryside. System, improve the circulation system of land contractual management rights, etc.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.3;D922.29

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