论股东瑕疵出资股权行使的限制

发布时间：2018-07-31 10:24

【摘要】：公司的资本制度和公司的法人人格制度是公司结构体制中两个最基本的制度,也是整个世界范围内公司法制定、修改、完善过程中最核心的两个部分。公司的财产最初来源基于发起人股东的出资,股东的出资是公司能够设立成功比不可少的前提条件,并且还极大的影响着公司财产的独立性和完整性。公司的资本不足或者存在其他方面的瑕疵可能导致公司的法人人格被否认,公司法人人格被否认,也即揭开公司面纱,直接导致公司被否认。由此可以看出,公司的资本制度,在公司结构中占据着非常重要的地位。当今我们正处于全面建设社会主义和谐社会时期,依法治国,全面建设社会主义法治国家是建设社会主义和谐社会的重要内容,我国正逐步走向更加完善的社会主义法律体系。1993年通过的《公司法》在经过1999年、2004年、2005年三次修正。2006年的新《公司法》修改了法定资本制,正式实行授权资本制,允许股东在缴纳首次出资额后,分期缴纳出资。这样一方面提高投资积极性,繁荣市场经济,促进整个社会经济健康稳定发展；但另一方面,在客观上加大了瑕疵出资的风险。当前,我国处于社会转型时期,各方面的法律和体制都还有待完善和改革,投资者的诚信意识也还有待进一步强化,无论在货币出资还是在非货币出资都存在许多瑕疵出资的情形。瑕疵出资不但影响着公司资本的充实和其他股东的利益,还影响着公司长远发展,给公司债权人利益的维护也带来许多不利影响,加大了债权人维护权利的难度。进一步严重影响着我国经济的发展,对公司经济占据巨大份额的市场经济的健康发展和社会信用体系的建立产生很大的阻碍。鉴于公司出资人瑕疵出资这一行为的种种负面影响。本文从国际投资公司诉安达巨鹰公司瑕疵出资这一案例出发,对瑕疵出资的形式,瑕疵出资的股东资格以及权利限制,瑕疵出资行为的解决措施进行探析,并对相关问题提出一些粗浅的自我认识观点。全文分为三个大章节：第一章,首先分析国际投资公司诉安达巨鹰公司瑕疵出资这一具体案例,对本案例的案由以及具体的诉讼情况以及黑龙江高级人民法院的一审判决和最高人民法院最终的二审判决进行了大致的介绍,分析了案件的焦点,指出案件在理论界以及司法实践中的争论分歧点,并重点强调出与本课题相关的三个争论焦点。第二章,对案件所围绕的瑕疵出资股东股权的限制方面,进行了法理分析,简单分析了目前普遍存在的几种瑕疵出资形式；瑕疵出资的原因；瑕疵出资的股东资格是否受到影响,是否因为瑕疵出资而限制其股东资格；瑕疵出资的股权究竟该怎么限制,才能既保护好公司资本充实、以及其他股东、公司债权人的利益,又在保护交易安全并维护交易秩序的前提下,不加重瑕疵出资人的负担,从而使他们不丧失投资公司的热情。主要从自益权和共益权这两个大类出发分别进行了探讨；瑕疵出资的股权是受到限制,并不是剥夺,因此在瑕疵出资的股权受到限制后,又提出怎样恢复股权的行使。第三章,对规范出资行为,解决完善瑕疵出资行为,以最大限度的减少市场上的瑕疵出资,分别从完善瑕疵出资股东责任,对其进行利息加罚责任、建立瑕疵出资条件成熟的除名制度、建立瑕疵出资预警机制、强化公司内部约束机制、加强验资机构的验资责任这几方面提出了措施,以期望瑕疵出资行为能逐步向好的方向前进,公司的资本制度能更加的完善,以促进公司发展,市场经济发展。
[Abstract]:The capital system of the company and the corporate personality system of the company are the two most basic systems in the company's structural system. It is also the two most core part of the process of making, modifying and perfecting the company law throughout the world. The original source of the company's property is based on the capital contribution of the sponsors, and the capital contribution of the shareholders is the success ratio of the company. The lack of preconditions also greatly affects the independence and integrity of the company's property. The lack of capital or other defects in the company may cause the corporate personality to be denied, the corporate personality is denied, that is, the company's veil is uncovered and the company is denied. Thus, the company's capital system can be seen. Degree, in the structure of the company occupies a very important position. Today we are in a comprehensive construction of a socialist harmonious society, the rule of law, the overall construction of a socialist country under the rule of law is an important content of building a socialist harmonious society, China is gradually moving to the more good socialist legal system adopted in.1993 "company" In 1999, 2004, in 2004, the three amendment of the new "company law" in 2005 amended the legal capital system, and the authorized capital system was formally implemented to allow shareholders to pay their contributions in stages after the first contribution was paid. In this way, the enthusiasm of the investment, the prosperity of the market economy, the healthy and stable development of the whole society and the economy are promoted; but the other party is promoted, but the other party is to promote the healthy and stable development of the whole society and economy. At present, our country is in the period of social transformation, the law and system of all aspects are still to be perfected and reform, and the integrity consciousness of investors still needs to be further strengthened. The substantial capital of the company and the interests of other shareholders also affect the long-term development of the company, which also bring many adverse effects on the maintenance of the interests of the creditors, and increase the difficulty of maintaining the rights of the creditors. It further seriously affects the development of our economy and the healthy development and society of the market economy, which has a huge share of the company's economy. The establishment of the credit system has been greatly hindered. In view of the negative effects of the company contributor's defective capital contribution, this paper, starting with the case of the international investment company v. anda Giant Eagle Inc's defective capital contribution, gives the form of the defective capital contribution, the shareholder qualification of the defective capital contribution, the limitation of the rights and interests, and the solution of the defective investment behavior. It also analyzes some related problems and puts forward some shallow self understanding views.
The full text is divided into three major chapters:
In the first chapter, we first analyze the specific case of the international investment company v. anda Giant Eagle Inc's defective capital contribution, and introduce the case, the specific case and the final two trial decision of the Supreme People's court and the Supreme People's court, and analyze the focus of the case and point out that the case is in reason. On the dispute points in the circles and judicial practice, and emphasize the three controversial points related to this topic.
In the second chapter, the legal analysis is carried out on the limitation of the shareholders' stock rights of the defective capital shareholders around the case, and a simple analysis is made of the current common forms of defective capital contribution; the reasons for the defective capital contribution; whether the shareholders' qualification of the defective capital contribution is affected, or whether the qualification of the shareholders is restricted because of the defective capital; and the stock right of the defective capital contribution is limited. What is the limitation to protect the capital of the company and the interests of the other shareholders and the creditors of the company, and to protect the transaction security and maintain the order of the transaction, not to increase the burden of the blemish investors, so that they will not lose the enthusiasm of the investment companies. They are mainly from the two categories of the right of self benefit and the right of common benefit. The stock right of the defective capital is restricted and not deprived, so how to restore the exercise of the stock right after the limitation of the defective capital contribution.
The third chapter, to standardize the investment behavior, to solve the defective investment behavior, to minimize the investment in the market, to improve the liability of the shareholders by improving the liability of the shareholders, to establish the liability of interest plus penalty, to establish a mature disqualification system for the defective investment conditions, to establish the early warning mechanism for the defective capital contribution, to strengthen the internal restraint mechanism of the company, and to strengthen the internal restraint mechanism of the company, and strengthen the internal restraint mechanism of the company, and strengthen the mechanism of internal restraint of the company, and strengthen the mechanism of internal restraint of the company, and strengthen the mechanism of internal restraint and strengthen the company. Some measures have been put forward in the aspects of the capital verification responsibility of the capital verification institutions, with the expectation that the behavior of defective capital contribution can progressively move forward in a better direction, and the capital system of the company can be more perfect in order to promote the development of the company and the development of the market economy.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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