董事篡夺公司机会法律规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 07:53

【摘要】：公司机会规则,是指公司的董事负有不得篡夺公司商业机会的义务。公司机会规则是英美法系国家在众多相关判例的基础上逐步发展起来的公司治理制度,其目的在于保护公司的利益不受董事的侵害。近年来,大陆法系国家也有逐步将其引入的趋势。我国现行《公司法》确立了公司机会规则,但由于法条规定过于简单,仍有继续进行相关理论研究的必要。本文主要包括引言、正文和结论三部分。其中,正文部分共有五个章节。第一章对禁止董事篡夺公司机会的理论基础进行了梳理。董事与公司的关系主要有信托关系说、代理关系说和委任关系说,公司机会规则与自我交易限制、竞业禁止规则同属董事忠实义务的具体要求,皆解决董事与公司利益冲突问题,但在调整对象、构成要件以及法律后果等方面存在差别。第二章对公司机会的认定标准进行了界定与分析。对于如何甄别公司机会,主要存在利益和期待利益标准、经营范围标准、公平标准等不同学说,本章对英美两国对公司机会判断标准的判例、学说进行了分析和比较,并介绍了我国司法实践中针对公司机会的认定标准。第三章探讨了董事利用公司机会的正当情形以及正当化程序设计。在英美判例法中,对于董事利用公司机会并非绝对无条件禁止,理论上也越来越倾向于从董事利用公司商业机会的绝对禁止义务转变为利用公司商业机会的相对禁止义务,董事对于公司机会的利用不应当被一律禁止,在诸如公司放弃机会、无法利用机会等特定情形下并经合法程序允许其利用的前提下,董事有权利用公司机会。第四章分析了董事篡夺公司机会的法律后果和救济途径。法律后果主要包括董事篡夺公司机会后与第三方进行的交易本身的效力和违反义务的董事应对公司承担的责任。作为受害方的公司及公司股东,可以利用公司法上特殊的救济途径向侵权董事主张权利。第五章是关于我国相关立法的不足和完善建议。主要探讨了如何确立公司机会的认定标准,明确董事合理利用公司机会的例外规定,完善董事篡夺公司机会的救济途径,以及增加对离任董事的规制。
[Abstract]:Corporate opportunity rules refer to the obligation of directors not to usurp business opportunities. Corporate opportunity rule is a system of corporate governance developed by Anglo-American law countries on the basis of many relevant cases. Its purpose is to protect the interests of companies from being infringed by directors. In recent years, civil law countries have gradually introduced it. The present Company Law of our country has established the company opportunity rule, but because the stipulation of the law is too simple, it is necessary to continue to carry on the related theory research. This article mainly includes the introduction, the text and the conclusion three parts. Among them, the body part has five chapters. The first chapter combs the theoretical basis of prohibiting directors from usurping corporate opportunities. The relationship between directors and companies mainly includes fiduciary relationship theory, agency relationship theory and appointment relationship theory, company opportunity rules and self-dealing restrictions, and non-competition rules are both specific requirements of directors' duty of loyalty. All of them solve the conflicts of interests between directors and companies, but there are differences in the object of adjustment, the elements of constitution and the legal consequences. The second chapter defines and analyzes the standards of corporate opportunity. There are different theories on how to identify the company opportunity, such as interest and expectation interest standard, business scope standard, fair standard and so on. This chapter analyzes and compares the jurisprudence of the British and American countries on the corporate opportunity judgment standard. And introduced our country judicial practice regarding the company opportunity confirmation standard. The third chapter discusses the proper situation of the directors' taking advantage of the company's opportunity and the design of the proper procedure. In Anglo-American case law, directors' use of corporate opportunities is not absolutely and unconditionally prohibited, and in theory they tend to change from the absolute prohibition of directors' taking advantage of corporate business opportunities to the relative prohibition obligations of utilizing corporate business opportunities. Directors should not be prohibited from taking advantage of the company's opportunity, and they have the right to take advantage of the company's opportunity under certain circumstances such as the company giving up the opportunity and not being able to take advantage of the opportunity and allowed to use it by legal procedure. The fourth chapter analyzes the legal consequences and remedies of directors usurping corporate opportunities. The legal consequences mainly include the validity of the transaction with the third party after the directors usurp the opportunity of the company and the liability of the directors who violate their obligations. As the injured party, the company and its shareholders can claim the rights of the infringing directors through the special remedy in the company law. The fifth chapter is about our country related legislation insufficiency and the consummation proposal. This paper mainly discusses how to establish the standard of corporate opportunity, clarify the exception of directors' reasonable use of company's opportunity, perfect the relief way of directors usurping the company's opportunity, and increase the regulation to the outgoing directors.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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