论我国公司法竞业禁止制度

发布时间：2019-03-22 12:12

【摘要】： 公司法中规定的竞业禁止制度,是指在一定条件下对与权利人即公司有特定关系的人员即公司董事、高级管理人员从事特定竞争性行为的某种限制,即公司有权要求董事、高级管理人员不从事针对自己的竞争性行为。作为一项推定损害事先防范的制度,竞业禁止制度在保护企业的商业信息、商业秘密等方面有不可替代的作用。该制度由代理制度中的忠实义务演变而来,并随着代理制度适用范围的不断扩大而逐步演变成为企业治理中的一项普遍制度。该制度在英美法系国家及日本、德国等大陆法系国家已经有了普遍的应用;而从该制度在我国的适用及发展现状来看,即使在2005年《公司法》修订中已经做出修订予以完善,但仍存在着立法较简单、义务主体较模糊、竞业内容和批准程序不明确、救济权利不到位等问题,故笔者选择该内容作为毕业论文的论题,希望能在总结前人研究成果的基础上有自己新的思考和新的推进,从立法层面上和司法解释层面上对竞业禁止制度进行完善,解决上述问题,使竞业禁止的规定能有效指导义务主体的行为和有效指导审判人员对法律的适用,真正发挥竞业禁止制度保护公司利益、维护社会经济秩序的作用。本文首先对公司法设置竞业禁止制度的必要性和合理性进行论述。认为董事忠实义务来源于董事与公司的法律关系,这一法律关系可以是英美法系认为的拟信托关系,也可以是大陆法系提出的委任关系,两者殊途同归,都对董事提出了忠实义务的要求,这是董事忠实义务的民法理论基础;其次认为“董事会中心主义”的现代公司治理结构以及当前公司立法中广泛地赋予董事经营管理权是强化董事忠实义务的现实基础;再次,从经济学基础和其他法学理论基础,再次论述了设置该制度有利于降低“代理成本”,从保护公司财产、维护市场经济竞争秩序、贯彻诚实信用原则方面,也是十分必要的。竞业禁止制度在世界各国特别是英美法系国家已经发展了几百年,在大陆法系国家如日本、德国也有了较大的发展和完善,而在我国,该制度仍处于起步阶段,我国《公司法》第149条规定了董事、高级管理人员的竞业禁止义务,比旧《公司法》的规定,已经取得了进步,但与其他主要大陆法国家之公司法律中相关内容相比较,实体内容(如义务主体、行为表现)过于简单,导致对法律本身的理解存在一定的歧义;而程序方面引进了必要的事前承认机制来批准却缺乏操作性;同时现有的公司救济权的行使程序也不明确,难以发挥其应有的作用。本文从以下几个方面进行论述:一是通过理论分析和案例剖析,总结对公司法规定的竞业禁止义务主体、义务存续时间、违反义务行为表现等方面的正确理解及界定;二是落实相对竞业禁止的立法模式,围绕确保批准程序能有效实现竞业禁止制度的目的,提出按公司组织形式不同而设置不同的批准机构并设置公正有效的批准表决程序;三是董事、高级管理人员未经批准从事竞业行为应承担的民事责任,公司作为权利人对此可享有的救济权利。为了使关于竞业禁止制度的论述更加完整,本文还对是否归属于该制度内容尚有争议的“禁止篡夺公司机会规则”进行简要的介绍,比较了两者的同异之处,对我国《公司法》引进英美法系的“禁止篡夺公司机会规则”表示肯定,同时提出为了更好地适用禁止篡夺公司机会规则,应对“公司机会”的标准及利用公司机会的例外情况予以明确。
[Abstract]:The system of non-competition prohibited by the Company Law means that the company has the right to request a director, in certain conditions, to the person who has a specific relationship with the right, that is, the director of the company or the senior management personnel, who is engaged in the specific competitive sexual act, that is, the company has the right to request the director, Senior managers do not engage in their own competitive behavior. As a system to estimate the damage to advance, the non-competition system has an irreplaceable role in protecting the business information and trade secrets of the enterprise. The system is evolved from the faithful obligation in the agency system, and gradually becomes a general system in corporate governance with the expansion of the application scope of the agency system. The system has been widely used in the countries of the common law system and the civil law countries such as Japan and Germany; and from the present situation of the application and development of the system in China, even though the revision has been made in the 2005/ Company Law> revision, the system still has a relatively simple legislation. The main body of the obligation is vague, the content of the competition and the approval procedure are not clear, the right of the remedy is not in place, so the author chooses the content as the thesis of the thesis, and hopes to have the new thinking and the new promotion on the basis of summarizing the previous research results. On the basis of the legislative level and the level of judicial interpretation, the non-competition system is perfected, the above-mentioned problems are solved, the provisions of the non-competition prohibition can effectively guide the conduct of the obligation subject and the application of the trial personnel to the law, and truly play a non-competition system to protect the interests of the company, The role of the maintenance of the socio-economic order. In this paper, the necessity and rationality of the system of competition prohibition on the company law are first set up in this paper. The author thinks that the duty of the director is derived from the legal relation between the directors and the company. The legal relation can be the quasi-trust relation of the common law system, or the appointment relationship proposed by the civil law system. The requirement is that this is the basis of the civil law theory of the duty of the directors; secondly, the modern corporate governance structure of the "board-centrism" and the broad-based management and management of the directors in the current company's legislation are the realistic basis for strengthening the loyal duty of the directors; and again, from the economic basis and other legal theories On the basis of this, it is also necessary to set up the system to reduce the "agent cost", to protect the company's property, to maintain the competitive order of the market economy and to carry out the principle of good faith To be, the non-competition system has been developed for hundreds of years in the countries of the world, especially in the common law system. In the countries of the continental law system, such as Japan and Germany, the system is still in the initial stage, and our country is Article 149. The non-competition obligation of the directors and senior management personnel is specified, and progress has been made in comparison with the provisions of the old 【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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