论我国有限责任公司股权善意取得的适用

发布时间：2019-05-25 04:11

【摘要】：随着经济的不断发展，市场对于维护交易安全的需求也不断增加。善意取得制度是市场诞生的产物，其本质上是在原所有权人和善意买受人之间寻找利益的均衡点。善意取得制度适用于物权已无可厚非，可有限责任公司的股权转让是否适用于善意取得制度还存在着争议，肯定者认为股权适用善意取得制度有助于维护交易的安全，，而否定者认为该制度会侵犯原股东的利益。2011年2月16日颁布了《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(三)》（《公司法解释(三)》），第25条至第28条规定确立股权善意取得制度,这是史无前例的创举，似乎支持把善意取得制度类推适用到股权上，但该司法解释尚未给出股权善意取得制度适用的合理依据和认定标准，也没有指出具体的适用情形。本文在肯定股权善意取得制度存在价值的基础上，以目前实践中常见的有限责任公司为例，对有限责任公司股权善意取得制度的现有规范进行了分析，以股权转让的特殊性为基础，并结合物权法上的善意取得制度，综合运用逻辑分析，理论比较及法律解释等方法，探究股权在理论上是否有适用善意取得制度的可能及其认定标准，并列举出在实践中股权适用善意取得的具体情形及其例外。本文首先在对物权善意取得理论进行阐释的基础之上提出股权是否适用善意取得制度的疑问；因为股权的变动方式有别于物权的变动方式，所以本文要重点讨论股权的变动模式，在进行充分的论证后笔者认为股权变动应遵循的是意思主义的变动模式。然后着重分析有限责任公司股权转让中善意取得与物权善意取得的构成要件的异同。因为股权善意取得与物权善意取得有很多相似之处，也可以说股权的善意取得源于物权的善意取得，所以二者的构成要件可以相互借鉴。本部分以《物权法》第106条规定的善意取得的构成要件为基础，通过分析和比较得出股权善意取得的构成要件为：第一，让与人须是无权处分股权的人；第二，受让人须为善意且无重大过失，这里存在善意时间点的确定及善意的举证责任问题；第三，以合理价格转让股权；第四，受让人已被登记为股权人。通过上述对比分析得出在理论上股权有适用善意取得制度的可能。最后就是把理论应用于实践，阐述股权善意取得适用的具体情形及例外，该部分也是本文的重点章节。首先分情况论述股权善意取得适用的具体情形，如典型的“一股二卖”、隐名出资中名义股东无权转让股权等情形。然后又阐述了一些例外情形，如：冒名登记情形下转让股权、虚假出资的股东转让股权、干股股东转让股权。最后，本文在结论部分强调对于有限责任公司股权的转让，在理论上有适用善意取得制度的充分依据，具有可行性；在实践中也有适用善意取得制度的具体情形，有可操作性。由于本人缺乏扎实的理论功底，论文在理论支撑上还存在不足，只求能为股权善意取得制度的完善尽绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the demand of the market for the maintenance of transaction security is also increasing. The system of good faith is the product of the birth of the market, and its essence is to find the point of interest between the original owner and the goodwill buyer. The bona fide acquisition system is applicable to the real right, and the transfer of the equity of the limited liability company is applicable to the bona fide acquisition system. The negative person is of the view that the system will violate the interests of the original shareholders. On February 16,2011, the provisions of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China on a number of issues (3)> (the Company Law Interpretation (III)>) were issued. Articles 25 to 28 provide for the establishment of a system of good faith acquisition, which is an unprecedented undertaking, and it appears to support the application of the goodwill acquisition system to the equity, but the judicial interpretation has not given the reasonable basis and criteria for the application of the system of good faith acquisition. No specific application was noted. On the basis of the value of the system of positive equity acquisition, this paper, taking the common limited liability company in the present practice as an example, analyzes the existing specifications of the system of the acquisition of the equity interest of the limited liability company, and based on the particularity of the equity transfer On the basis of the system of good faith in the property law, the author makes a comprehensive use of the methods of logic analysis, theoretical comparison and legal interpretation. The concrete circumstances and examples of the good faith in the application of the equity in practice are listed in parallel. On the basis of the interpretation of the theory of the bona fide acquisition of real right, this paper puts forward the question of whether the equity is applicable to the system of good faith. Because the change of the equity is different from the change of the real right, the paper will focus on the change of the equity. The author holds that the change of equity should follow the change of the meaning. In this paper, the author analyzes the composition of the bona fide acquisition and the bona fide acquisition of the real right in the equity transfer of the limited liability company. The similarities and differences between the good faith of the equity and the good will of the real right can also be said that the good faith of the equity can be obtained from the good faith of the real right, so the constituent elements of both can be For reference, this part is based on the constituent elements of the good faith obtained in the Property Law> Article 106, and through the analysis and comparison, the constituent elements of the goodwill acquisition are as follows: first, the owner is the person who has no right to dispose of the equity; and the second, the assignee shall be in good faith and no weight. In the event of a major fault, there is a determination of the point of good faith and the question of the burden of proof in good faith; thirdly, the transfer of the equity at a reasonable price; and fourthly, the assignee has been registered as Equity person. Through the above-mentioned comparative analysis, it is concluded that there is a good bona fide acquisition system in the theory The last is to apply the theory to the practice, to explain the specific situation and the exception of the application of the good will of the equity, this part is also the weight of this paper. Point section. First of all, discuss the specific situations where the equity will be applied, such as the typical "a share of two", and the nominal shareholders in the hidden capital contribution shall not have the right to transfer the equity. In addition, some exceptions are set forth, such as the transfer of the equity in the case of the name registration, the transfer of the equity of the shareholders with the false capital contribution, and the transfer of the shares of the dry shares. Finally, in the conclusion, this paper emphasizes that the transfer of the equity of the limited liability company has the feasibility of applying the system of good faith in theory, and in practice there is a specific situation in which the system of good will be applied. As a result of the lack of solid theoretical foundation, the thesis has insufficient theoretical support, and can only find a perfect system for the good will of the stock right.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291.91;D923.2

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