国际私法中的消费者保护

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:28

本文选题：涉外消费者　切入点：法院管辖权　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济全球化，涉外消费日趋增多，尤其是网络科技的发展，也更是使得涉外消费简单而又频繁。本身消费者经济实力，获取信息的能力，自我保护能力就往往不如生产者或是经营者。而在涉外消费的背景下，消费者的这些能力似乎又显得更加微弱。在涉外消费争端中，无论是在消费合同纠纷中，还是消费侵权纠纷中，消费者都处于弱势。调整涉外民商事关系的国际私法则是与涉外消费纷争最密切相关的法律。而国际私法中的弱者利益原则要求国际私法的法律规则的设置应当重视弱者利益的保护。国际私法对消费者的保护，最普遍的是法院管辖权与准据法适用两方面对消费者的保护。法院管辖是涉外消费者在维权过程中遇到的第一道门槛。一般的法院管辖制度，即原告就被告的制度，并没有对涉外消费者进行特殊保护。反而，这种看似平等的管辖制度让消费者维权摸不着门。因此，国际私法有必要在法院管辖制度方面进行特殊设计，从而使得消费者能够更加方便地开展维权。而准据法适用规则无疑为消费者在茫茫的法律迷雾中指引着方向。准据法适用就如同一幅地图，带领消费者穿越丛林，找到希望。连接点是法律适用的核心，连接点的各异及其不同组合也都构成不同的地图，从而指引的方向与效果也就各异。要想对涉外消费者进行切实的保护，就要精心布置这些连接点，以求找到最方便、快捷的道路。当然，国际私法要想实现对涉外消费者的全面保护，仅仅考虑法院管辖与准据法适用两方面是远远不够的。法院的判决需要承认与执行，，准据法的适用需要高效与经济，因此，我们也需要重视国际私法中的其他法律制度。如将统一实体法引入消费者的国际私法保护方式中，大大增强了法律适用的权威性与强制性。将非诉讼争端解决机制引入消费者的国际私法保护方式中，则又使得消费者权益保护的践行性与经济性。国际私法中对消费者进行保护，是与弱者利益保护原则相符的。国际私法对消费者进行保护，这既符合人权保护的要义，又符合经济健康发展的要义。国际私法相关规则的设置既要特殊，又要全面，才能达到保护消费者利益的目的。
[Abstract]:With the globalization of economy and the increasing consumption of foreigners, especially with the development of network science and technology, foreign consumption is also simple and frequent. Consumers themselves have the economic strength and the ability to obtain information. The ability of self-protection is often not as good as that of producer or operator. In the context of foreign consumption, the ability of consumers seems to be weaker. In foreign-related consumption disputes, whether in consumer contract disputes, Or in a consumer tort dispute, Consumers are all in a weak position. Private international law, which regulates civil and commercial relations involving foreigners, is the law most closely related to foreign consumption disputes. However, the principle of the interests of the weak in private international law requires that the legal rules of private international law should be set up. Attention should be paid to the protection of the interests of the weak. The protection of consumers by private international law is the protection of consumers in both the jurisdiction of the court and the application of applicable law. The jurisdiction of the court is the first threshold encountered by the consumers concerned in the process of safeguarding their rights. That is, the plaintiff did not give special protection to foreign consumers in respect of the defendant's system. On the contrary, this seemingly equal jurisdiction system left consumers unable to defend their rights. Therefore, it is necessary for private international law to make a special design for the court jurisdiction system. This makes it easier for consumers to defend their rights. And the applicable rules of law undoubtedly guide consumers in the fog of law. The application of law is like a map that leads consumers through the jungle. Finding hope. The connection point is the core of the application of the law, and the different connection points and their different combinations also constitute different maps, so the direction and effect of the guidance will be different. In order to effectively protect the consumers involved in foreign affairs, These connections should be carefully arranged in order to find the most convenient and fast road. Of course, if private international law is to realize the comprehensive protection of consumers involved in foreign affairs, it is far from enough to consider only the jurisdiction of the court and the application of applicable law. The judgment of the court needs to be recognized and enforced, and the application of the applicable law needs to be efficient and economical. Therefore, we also need to pay attention to other legal systems in private international law, such as the introduction of uniform substantive law into consumer private international law protection, It greatly strengthens the authority and compulsion of the application of law, and introduces the non-litigation dispute settlement mechanism into consumers' private international law protection, which makes the protection of consumers' rights and interests practical and economical. The protection of consumers in private international law is consistent with the principle of protecting the interests of the weak. Private international law protects consumers, which conforms to the essence of the protection of human rights. The establishment of the relevant rules of private international law should not only be special, but also comprehensive, in order to achieve the purpose of protecting the interests of consumers.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D997.1

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