中国企业海外投资的人权政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 01:40

本文选题：企业海外投资　切入点：人权　出处：《中共中央党校》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放之后，中国企业海外投资迅速增长，规模不断扩大。与此同时，部分国家和地区针对中国海外投资企业和人员的抗议、抵制、袭击事件时有发生，既影响了投资发展,也有损国家的海外形象。海外投资企业在人权保障问题上着力不足是导致这些事件的重要原因。本文拟从制定企业海外投资的人权政策这一角度解决这一问题。在导论部分，阐述了这一研究的理论和实践意义。在理论上，有助于理清海外投资企业承担人权责任的理论根据。在实践上，一是有利于准确把握国际社会投资理念的新变化；二是有助于国家完善企业海外投资的政策法规；三是有助于海外投资企业正确处理人权问题。在研究过程中采取规范分析与描述相结合、宏观分析与微观分析相结合的研究方法。在第二部分，阐述了企业海外投资尊重人权的社会必要性。社会必要性体现在：海外投资企业与政府合谋侵犯人权；海外投资企业缺乏尊重人权的动力；政府对海外投资企业的控制力很弱；因此有必要强调企业主体的人权责任。在第三部分，阐述了企业海外投资尊重人权的道德正当性。道德正当性体现在：人的尊严的平等性和功利主义原则。前者要求所有的强势社会主体尊重人权，后者明确了海外投资企业尊重人权将获得社会效益的最大化。在第四部分，阐述了企业海外投资尊重人权的国际模式。它经历了三个阶段：二十世纪四十、五十年代，这是企业海外投资尊重人权观念的萌芽阶段；二十世纪六十到九十年代，，是企业海外投资尊重人权的观念的起步阶段；二十一世纪第一个十年，这一阶段是企业海外投资尊重人权观念的发展阶段。形成了司法确认、立法规制、组织推动三种模式。虽然三种模式在确认企业海外投资尊重人权的问题上做了卓有成效的工作，但是仍然存在很多问题：一是撇开了民族国家在人权保护问题上无可替代的地位；二是这些制度性建议没有照顾到世界各地的差异；三是经济发展仍然是时代的主要任务；四是没有实现基于全球正义的义务分配；五是现有的规则和制度缺乏强制力。在第五部分，阐述了中国企业海外投资在人权政策。它也经历了三个阶段：二十世纪八十、九十年代，这是企业海外投资人权政策的萌芽阶段；本世纪的第一个十年，这是企业海外投资人权政策的起步阶段；本世纪的第二个十年起，企业海外投资的人权政策进入发展阶段。虽然在海外投资人权问题上的有关规定尚不深入，但是打下了良好的基础。同时也存在一些问题：一是没有专门的人权责任规定；二是没有形成一部专门的人权政策文件；三是这些规定的法律位阶太低。同时，在第五部分，基于以上的研究，本文给出中国制定海外投资人权政策的人权政策建议：一是普及企业海外投资尊重人权的观念；二是制定企业海外投资的人权行动规则；三是支持国际社会通过规范性的文件约束企业海外投资的人权责任；四是协助海外投资企业在冲突多发地区和低人权地区规范和引导投资；五是推动海外投资企业树立尊重人权的企业文化；六是要求海外投资企业制定人权政策；七是鼓励海外投资企业设立人权工作部门；八是确保海外投资企业不间接参与侵犯人权；九是敦促海外投资企业建立人权风险评估机制；十是要求海外投资企业应当定期发布人权工作报告。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, the rapid growth of overseas investment Chinese enterprise scale is continually expanding. At the same time, the China protest, overseas investment enterprises and personnel in some countries and regions to resist, attacks have occurred, not only affects the investment and development, but also undermine the country's image abroad. Overseas investment enterprises lack of focus on the protection of human rights in question is an important cause of these events. This paper intends to solve this problem from the angle of development of overseas investment of enterprise's human rights policy.
In the introduction, expounds the research significance in theory and practice. In theory, will help clarify the overseas investment enterprise to assume responsibility for human rights according to the theory. In practice, one is conducive to accurately grasp the new changes of international society of the concept of investment; the two is to help improve the enterprise overseas investment in the country's policies and regulations three is the right; to help overseas investment enterprises dealing with human rights issues. In the course of the study of normative analysis and description of the combination of research methods of combining macro analysis and micro analysis.
In the second part, elaborated the social necessity to respect the rights of enterprises overseas investment. Social necessity is reflected in: overseas investment enterprises and government collusion violations of human rights; overseas investment enterprises lack the power of respect for human rights; government control on overseas investment enterprises is very weak; therefore it is necessary to emphasize the responsibilities of enterprises human rights.
In the third part, elaborated the moral enterprise overseas investment respect human rights legitimacy. Moral legitimacy embodies in the equality and the utilitarian principle of human dignity. The former requires a strong social subject all respect for human rights, the latter defined the maximum foreign investment enterprises and respect for human rights will receive social benefits.
In the fourth part, elaborated the international pattern of overseas investment of enterprise to respect human rights. It has experienced three stages: Forty twentieth Century, 50s, this is the embryonic stage of overseas investment, the concept of respect for human rights; sixty twentieth Century to 90s is the starting stage concept of enterprise overseas investment is the respect for human rights; in twenty-first Century the first ten years of this. Stage is the development stage of enterprise overseas investment in the concept of respect for human rights. The formation of judicial confirmation, legislative regulation, organizations to promote the three modes. Although the three models do a very fruitful work in the confirmation of the enterprise overseas investment the respect of human rights issues, but there are still many problems: one is to put aside the national protection of human rights issues in the irreplaceable the position is two; these institutional suggestions did not take into account differences around the world; the three is the economic development is still in the era of The main task; four is the failure to realize the distribution of obligations based on global justice; and the five is the lack of coercion in the existing rules and systems.
In the fifth part, elaborated the overseas investment enterprise Chinese in human rights policy. It has gone through three stages: Eighty twentieth Century, 90s, this is the embryonic stage of enterprise human rights policy of overseas investment; the first ten years of this century, this is the initial stage of enterprise human rights policy of overseas investment; second of the ten years of this century since the overseas investment of enterprise's human rights policy has entered the stage of development. Although the relevant provisions in the overseas investment on the issue of human rights is not deep, but to lay a good foundation. There are also some problems: one is no specific human rights responsibility provisions; two is not formed a special human rights policy document is three; the provisions of the legal level is too low.
At the same time, in the fifth part, based on the above research, human rights policy suggestions are given in this paper Chinese making overseas investment policy of human rights: one is the popularity of foreign investment enterprises respect the concept of human rights; the two is to develop overseas investment companies human rights action rules; three is the support of the international community through the human rights responsibilities of overseas investment enterprises normative documents constraints; the four is to assist overseas investment enterprises to standardize and guide the investment in conflict prone areas and low areas of human rights; five is to promote overseas investment enterprises to establish the corporate culture of respect for human rights; six is for overseas investment enterprises to develop human rights policies; seven is to encourage foreign investment enterprises to set up human rights departments; eight is to ensure that the overseas investment enterprises indirectly involved in the infringement human rights; nine is to urge the overseas human rights establish evaluation mechanism of risk investment enterprises; ten is for overseas investment enterprises shall regularly Report on the issue of human rights.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.295;D998.2

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