涉外侵权领域的最密切联系原则研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 03:21

本文选题：最密切联系原则　切入点：涉外侵权　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：最密切联系原则是指法院在审理某一涉外民事案件时，要综合分析与该法律关系有关的各种因素，寻找和确定与案件和当事人有最重要、最本质、最真实联系的一个国家或地区，从而以该国家或地区的法律作为其准据法。最密切联系原则是传统法律选择方法的更新与发展，代表了国际私法价值取向由形式正义向实质正义的转变，满足了国际社会对法律适用的公正性和合理性的追求。尽管最密切联系原则在各国国内立法与国际条约中广为采用，但学者们对最密切联系原则的认识远未达到统一，司法实践者对于如何使该原则在侵权领域的审理中发挥作用仍然意见迥异。由于最密切联系原则在合同领域的典型性，我国的学者对最密切联系原则及其在合同领域的运用的研究较多，但专门研究其在侵权领域的运用的论著还很少，本文就是要将最密切联系原则和侵权的法律适用结合起来，研究该原则在侵权领域的运用及在我国侵权领域引入最密切联系原则的相关问题。本文采用比较研究方法和实证方法，力图通过国内外对最密切联系原则在侵权领域运用的分析，来论证最密切联系原则的必要性，并对最密切联系原则在侵权领域运用存在的优势和弊端进行解读，提出相应的防范措施，以便其能扬长避短，更好地解决我国侵权领域的法律冲突问题。本文除引言外，在主体结构上分为四个部分，分别是最密切联系原则与涉外侵权领域之概述、最密切联系原则跟传统涉外侵权法律适用原则相比具有哪些优势、如何确定最密切联系原则在涉外侵权领域的地位、最密切联系原则在我国涉外侵权领域实践中的问题和解决。本文先对最密切联系原则和涉外侵权领域进行了概述，阐述了最密切联系原则理论的形成过程以及产生的原因，阐述了研究涉外侵权的重要性以及合理适用最密切联系原则对解决涉外侵权案件有何积极意义。其次，对传统涉外侵权法律适用原则以及不足进行分析，指出相比之下最密切联系原则在涉外侵权领域的优势是阐明法律适用的理由从而使法制正规化、可以增强冲突法对案情的适应能力、有利于实现个案公正。接着，对最密切联系原则中存在争议的重要理论问题——如何确定最密切联系原则在涉外侵权领域的地位进行了深入研究，通过与准据法补充原则说、基本原则说、法律选择方法说的比较，得出在涉外侵权领域，应把最密切联系原则定位为指导性原则的结论。通过理论分析对我国目前在涉外侵权领域对最密切联系原则的定位提出建议。但是，最密切联系原则是一把双刃剑，，如果对其不正确适用，可能会走上单边主义的歧途，以至颠覆整个国际私法体系。最后，通过理论阐述和对案例的统计分析，指出最密切联系原则在涉外侵权领域适用实践中存在的问题包括：缺乏有针对性的实证研究，对法官自由裁量权的限制不够，裁判文书中对适用最密切联系原则的理由论理不足，对最密切联系原则适用的理解存在偏差等。要解决这些弊端，就要大力开展有针对性的实证研究，提高法官驾驭最密切联系原则的能力，构建中国国际私法判例制度，以及注意与其他制度相结合。
[Abstract]:The close principle refers to the court in the trial of a foreign civil case, various factors to comprehensive analysis of the legal relationship related to the search and identify with the case and the parties are the most important, the essence of a country or region the most real connection, to the national or regional laws as applicable law. The close principle is the traditional choice of law method of renewal and development, on behalf of the international private law value orientation change from form justice to substantial justice, to meet the international community on the law applicable to the pursuit of fairness and rationality.
Although the close principle is widely used in national legislation and international treaties, but the scholars' understanding of the doctrine is far from uniform. How to make the principle of judicial practice to play a role in tort is still indifferent views in the trial. As typical of the doctrine in the field of contract, I Chinese scholars on the close principle and its application in the field of contract research more, but devoted to the study of its use in the field of tort works is few, this paper is to be most closely associated with the applicable principles of tort law and combine the related problems using the research of the principle in the field of tort and the introduction of the principle of the closest connection in the field of tort in our country.
Research methods and empirical methods compared with the domestic and foreign through the analysis on the application of the doctrine in the field of tort, to prove the necessity of the doctrine, and to interpret the most closely linked to the principle of using the advantages and disadvantages in the tort field, puts forward some corresponding preventive measures, so that it can avoid. To better solve the problem of conflict of laws of tort in our country. In addition to the introduction this paper is divided into four parts in the main structure, which is an overview of the most signifincant relationship and the most closely linked, what are the advantages compared with the traditional principle of principles applicable to foreign-related tort law, how to determine the status of the doctrine in in tort, most closely associated with the problem of the principle in our country tort in practice and solve.
This paper first summarizes the close principle and tort, discusses the formation process of the most closely linked to the principle of theory and the causes, expounds the importance of foreign-related tort and reasonable application of the most closely linked to the principle of what is of positive significance to solve foreign-related tort cases.
Secondly, the traditional principle of application of foreign-related tort law and the lack of analysis, pointed out that compared with the most closely linked advantage principle in tort is to clarify the legal applicable reason can normalize the legal system, can enhance the ability to adapt to the conflict of laws, is beneficial to realizing individual justice.
Then, on the important theoretical issues of controversy most closely linked to the principle of how to determine the status of the doctrine in tort is studied, and the applicable law by supplementary principle, basic principle, comparative method of choice of law said, that in tort, should be the most closely linked to the principle of positioning as the guiding principle of the conclusion. Through the theoretical analysis of our current recommendations in the tort of the doctrine.
However, the doctrine is a double-edged sword, if not properly apply the unilateralism may go astray, and subversion of the private international law system. Finally, through theoretical analysis and statistical analysis of the cases that including the existence of the doctrine in foreign tort field application problems in practice: the lack of targeted empirical research, to the discretion of the judge's judgment on the limit is not enough, is most closely linked to the principle of reason on insufficient deviation on the doctrine of the most significant relationship. To solve these problems, we must vigorously carry out targeted empirical research, improve the ability of judges manage the close principle, construction Chinese precedent system of the private international law, and in combination with other system.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997

【引证文献】