由联合国海洋法公约检视北极航道法律争端——兼论中国应有之外交策略

发布时间：2018-03-30 18:17

本文选题：西北航道　切入点：北方航道　出处：《比较法研究》2013年06期

【摘要】：北极航道对沿海国来说具有重大"经济"及"国防"价值,因为航道夏季开通,沿岸国加拿大与俄罗斯主张北极航道在法律地位上属于其"内水"且他国船舶不具"无害通过权";而其他国家主张"西北航道"符合《1982年海洋法公约》第8条第2款规定,外国船舶仍应保有无害通过权之权利,另依《1982年海洋法公约》第38条规定,"西北航道"与"北方航道"应符合国际海峡之过境通行权,至此,北极航道相关法律地位仍在争辩中。值此之际,北极航道议题应为中国北极外交事务上极佳切入点。首先,加拿大对于其北方岛屿划界原则与西北航道法律性质之解释,可作为中国研究南海U形线法律地位之借鉴;其次,中国得以分别寻求与加拿大及俄罗斯在北极航道上有关"科学研究"、"资源开采"与"航道通行最惠国待遇"之合作。透过相关合作,在商业上,中国将取得全球商务航运上优于他国竞争力之布局,在外交上中国将取得在北极议题上与美国对抗之外交筹码,并建构"中、加"与"中、俄"各自双赢之外交格局。
[Abstract]:The Arctic waterway has significant "economic" and "national defense" values for coastal States because it opens in the summer. The coastal States Canada and Russia claim that the Arctic Channel belongs to their "internal waters" in legal status and that ships of other countries do not have a "right of innocent passage", while other States claim that the "Northwest Passage" is in accordance with article 8, paragraph 2, of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea, Foreign ships shall remain entitled to the right of innocent passage and, in accordance with article 38 of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea, the "Northwest Passage" and the "Northern Channel" shall be in conformity with the right of transit passage in international straits, The legal status of the Arctic Waterway is still under debate. At this time, the Arctic Waterway issue should be an excellent entry point for China's Arctic foreign affairs. First, Canada's interpretation of the principle of delimitation of its northern islands and the legal nature of the Northwest Passage. It can be used as a reference for China to study the legal status of the U-shaped line in the South China Sea. Secondly, China has been able to seek cooperation with Canada and Russia on "scientific research", "exploitation of resources" and "most-favoured-nation status in waterways" with Canada and Russia respectively. China will obtain the layout of global commercial shipping superior to the competitiveness of other countries, in diplomacy, China will acquire diplomatic chips to confront the United States on Arctic issues, and construct the diplomatic pattern of "China, plus" and "China, Russia".
【作者单位】：台湾清华大学科技法律研究所;
【分类号】：D993.5

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