缔约过失责任之司法实践

发布时间：2018-03-05 12:12

本文选题：缔约过失　切入点：先合同义务　出处：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：耶林于1861年提出的缔约过失责任理论,打破了传统合同法理论所坚守的“无合同即无责任”理论,弥补了契约不成立时的责任漏洞,对于当事人在合同磋商阶段的权利起到了很好的保护作用。1999年合同法的颁布,标志着缔约过失责任已为我国法律所采纳。但是,由于法律条文过于简单和抽象,不利于实际操作,致使在审判实践中因缺乏具体的法律规定,造成裁判不一,也给司法实践中留下了过多自由裁量的空间。本文试图以案例为切入点,发现司法实践中适用缔约过失责任制度的问题,通过对其基本理论等问题的研究,寻找解决司法实践中适用缔约过失责任的出路。全文共分为三个章节。第一章为缔约过失责任的认定,试图通过对学界中有关缔约过失责任的不同表述的比较,对其概念重新进行界定,从而明确其构成要件。然后,通过和违约责任、侵权责任的比较,分析其性质。并围绕我国合同法第42条、第43条的规定,列举了司法实践中的案例,将缔约过失责任类型做了划分,并着重对“其他违背诚信原则产生缔约过失责任”进行了分析。第二章为缔约过失责任的赔偿,本章中以其保护对象为首先的研究对象,明确缔约过失责任的保护对象除信赖利益外还应包括固有利益。然后,对于争议较大的信赖利益的赔偿范围进一步进行研究,提出了信赖利益损失的赔偿范围应包含机会损失但不应包含非财产损害,并探讨了其限制规则,从而进一步明确了赔偿范围。第三章为缔约过失责任认定及赔偿范围之完善,本章旨在围绕前两章提到的具体问题分别从立法和司法实践中寻求解决之道。在立法上,提出了缔约过失责任为独立民事责任之地位确立、缔约过失责任概念及构成要件之明文规定以及缔约过失责任赔偿范围及原则之法律界定三点意见。同时,对于司法实践中适用缔约过失责任时碰到的诸如合理信赖的认定、机会损失的认定和举证责任的分配等进行研究。
[Abstract]:In 1861, Ihering put forward the theory of contracting liability for negligence, broke the stick to the traditional theory of contract law "no contract, no responsibility" theory, make up the contract when the responsibility for the parties to the loopholes,.1999 years of contract law enacted to protect the good in the stage of contract negotiation rights, marking the party fault liability has been adopted in Chinese law. However, because the law is too simple and abstract, not conducive to the actual operation, resulting in judicial practice because of the lack of specific legal provisions, resulting in a referee, also to the judicial practice to leave too much discretion. This paper tries to take the case as the breakthrough point that is, the system of the contracting fault liability problems in the judicial practice, through the research on the basic theory problems, find solutions to apply to the contracting negligence liability way in judicial practice. The thesis is divided into three Chapters. The first chapter is identification of fault liability, tries to compare the different expressions of culpa in academic circles, the concept of re defined, so as to clarify its elements. Then, through the comparison of tort liability and liability for breach of contract, the analysis of the nature of the contract law of our country. And around forty-second the provisions of article forty-third, cited a case in judicial practice, the type of liability for negligence in contracting has been divided, and focus on the "other contracting negligence violates the principle of good faith which is analyzed. The second chapter is the contracting fault liability compensation, this chapter takes the protection of the object as the research object first. Clear the object of protection of contracting negligence responsibility in reliance interest should also include the inherent interests. Then, the scope of compensation for controversial trust in the interests of the further research, the scope of compensation for loss of trust and interests should be Contains the opportunity loss but should not include non property damage, and discusses the restriction rules, to further clarify the scope of compensation. The third chapter is to perfect the compensation scope and liability, this chapter aims to focus on the first two chapters mentioned specific problems respectively, seek the solution from the legislative and judicial practice in the legislation. And put forward the contracting fault liability was established as the independent status of civil liability, the concept of contracting negligence responsibility and elements stipulated and the legal scope of contracting fault liability compensation and the principle of defining three points. At the same time, to meet for culpa in judicial practice such as the reasonable reliance that study opportunity loss identification and the allocation of the burden of proof.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

【参考文献】