论强制缔约义务

发布时间：2018-03-10 02:11

本文选题：强制缔约　切入点：公序良俗　出处：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 契约自由是古典契约法一切制度的核心。但是契约自由并不代表绝对的自由,如果片面地追求形式上的自由,就会侵害到弱势群体的利益,违背了契约正义。随着社会经济的不断发展,传统的契约自由理论不能够促进经济发展,反而成为经济发展的阻碍。近现代民法为了追求契约正义,维护社会整体利益,就需要对契约自由进行限制。强制缔约制度就是为了限制契约自由而产生的,它的目的主要是保护弱势群体的利益,防止处于垄断地位的缔约当事人利用自身优势侵害相对人的利益。我国实行社会主义市场经济,国家对经济也要进行宏观调控,强制缔约制度也发挥了重要的作用。然而我国强制缔约制度的立法不是很完善,存在很多缺陷,本文就对强制缔约进行初步地探讨。全文除引言、结论外共分三个部分。第一部分主要从强制缔约的理论基础、广义与狭义强制缔约、强制缔约基本类型、强制缔约性质与强制缔约和相关法律概念的区别这五个方面对强制缔约的基本法律理论加以阐述。文章首先介绍了强制缔约制度的几个主要基础理论。然后对广义强制缔约的概念与狭义强制缔约的概念进行了分析。接下来介绍了强制缔约制度根据不同标准,可以进行不同的划分。再往下介绍了强制缔约所具有的独特性质。最后介绍了强制缔约与格式合同、强制交易、命令契约等相关概念的区别。第二部分主要从强制缔约义务的适用以及违反强制缔约的法律责任这两方面对强制缔约理论加以阐述。首先,强制缔约的适用应当遵守的法律原则主要有:公序良俗原则;诚实信用原则;保护弱势群体原则;禁止权利滥用原则。其次,强制缔约主要适用在以下几个领域:公用企业或依法享有独占地位的经营者;医疗卫生领域;保险业等其他领域。最后,违反强制缔约的法律责任主要是民事责任,但也包括行政责任和刑事责任。第三部分主要从我国强制缔约义务的现状以及如何完善我国强制缔约制度这两方面对强制缔约理论加以阐述。首先,介绍了我国强制缔约制度的立法现状,我国法律在公共服务领域;医疗卫生领域;保险等其他领域都对强制缔约义务进行了规定。其次,分析了我国强制缔约制度存在哪些立法缺陷,主要有:强制缔约义务适用范围过窄;强制缔约适用的条件不明确;受要约人承诺的时间不确定;违反强制缔约的法律责任不全面。最后,对完善我国强制缔约制度提出了建议:增设关于强制缔约的一般性条款;扩大强制缔约的适用范围;明确强制缔约适用的条件;明确受要约人做出承诺的时间;完善违反强制缔约义务的法律责任规范。文章前半部分对强制缔约的概念性问题作了介绍与论述,后半部分主要结合案例来分析我国强制缔约存在的问题,并提出了相关的建议,以期对我国强制缔约制度的理论实践有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Freedom of contract is the core of all systems of classical contract law, but freedom of contract does not represent absolute freedom. With the development of social economy, the traditional theory of freedom of contract can not promote economic development, on the contrary, it becomes an obstacle to economic development. In order to pursue contractual justice and safeguard the overall interests of society, civil law in modern times has become an obstacle to economic development. There is a need to restrict freedom of contract. The compulsory contracting system is created to restrict the freedom of contract, and its purpose is mainly to protect the interests of the vulnerable groups. To prevent the parties in a monopoly position from using their own advantages to infringe on the interests of the relative persons.China implements a socialist market economy, and the state must also carry out macroeconomic regulation and control over the economy. The compulsory contracting system also plays an important role. However, the legislation of the compulsory contracting system in our country is not very perfect, and there are many defects. This paper makes a preliminary discussion on the compulsory contracting system. In addition to the introduction, the conclusion is divided into three parts. The first part mainly from the theoretical basis of compulsory contracting, broad and narrow compulsory contracting, the basic type of compulsory contracting, The differences between the nature of compulsory contracting and the concepts of compulsory contracting and related legal concepts are discussed in this paper. This paper first introduces several main basic theories of compulsory contracting. The concept of compulsory contracting and the concept of compulsory contracting in narrow sense are analyzed, and then the system of compulsory contracting is introduced according to different standards. In the end, the paper introduces the differences between compulsory contracting and format contract, compulsory transaction, order contract and other related concepts. The second part mainly expounds the theory of compulsory contracting from two aspects: the application of compulsory contracting obligation and the violation of the legal liability of compulsory contracting. Firstly, the application of compulsory contracting should abide by the following legal principles: the principle of public order and good morals; The principle of good faith; the principle of protecting vulnerable groups; the principle of prohibiting abuse of rights. Secondly, compulsory contracting is mainly applicable in the following areas: public enterprises or operators enjoying exclusive status according to law; medical and health field; Finally, the legal liability for breach of compulsory contract is mainly civil liability, but also includes administrative liability and criminal liability. The third part mainly expounds the theory of compulsory contracting from the current situation of compulsory contracting in China and how to perfect the system of compulsory contracting. Firstly, it introduces the current legislative situation of compulsory contracting in our country. In the field of public service, medical and health care, insurance and other fields, the compulsory contracting obligation is stipulated. Secondly, it analyzes the legislative defects of the compulsory contracting system in our country. There are mainly: the scope of application of compulsory contracting obligations is too narrow; the conditions of compulsory contracting are not clear; the time of acceptance by the offeree is uncertain; the legal liability for violating compulsory contracting is not comprehensive. Finally, Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the system of compulsory contracting in our country: to add a general clause on compulsory contracting; to expand the scope of application of compulsory contracting; to make clear the conditions of compulsory contracting; to make clear the time when the offeree makes a commitment; Improve the norms of legal liability for breach of compulsory contracting obligations. The first part of the article introduces and discusses the conceptual issues of compulsory contracting, the latter part mainly analyzes the problems existing in compulsory contracting in China by combining cases, and puts forward some relevant suggestions. It is expected to be beneficial to the theory and practice of compulsory contracting system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923.6

【引证文献】