不法原因给付之研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 04:02

本文选题：不法原因 + 公序良俗　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的进步，人们社会活动的形式日趋多样。不法原因给付的现象越来越多。这里的“不法原因”有两层含义，一是指违反强行法规定，一是指违反公序良俗。在现实情况中，是否可以就不法原因给付要求返还？如果因不能主张自己违法事由而否定返还请求权，是否会造成非法即合法的结果，在一定程度上纵容了违法者？但如果支持返还，则违法者可以随意违反法律而得到保护。我国对不法原因给付行为缺乏一致的认定，加之不法给付行为自身发生的隐密性，使不法原因给付没有得到合理法律规制。本文围绕这一系列问题展开讨论，并提出进一步的立法建议。一共分为四章：第一章不法原因给付的立法例研究；第二章不法原因给付的构成要件；第三章不法原因给付的法律后果；第四章我国不法原因给付的立法建议。不法原因给付制度有悠久的历史，在第一章中通过各国不同的立法例介绍，了解大陆法系与英美法系对其的不同规定，结合实务判例，了解不同法系中不法原因给付的发展与变迁，有助于我们更好地掌握其成因与特征，对现代立法起到更好的借鉴作用。不法原因给付的构成要件一直在学术界上存在争议，每一项要件均有不同的认定标准，所以，在第二章中以“给付行为”、“不法原因的存在”两项要件作为研究对象，展开具体分析，通过财产给付说、行为给付说对“给付行为”进行定位，探究其行为本质；通过对“不法”的不同学说阐述和比较，给予其合理的定性；通过客观原因理论、主观原因理论的研究对“原因”的含义提出更深层次的认识。不法原因给付的法律后果是难以解决的核心问题，在第三章中，通过分析、比较不同法律后果的成因以及实施效果，试图寻找一个最佳的解决办法。分别从请求权基础、性质、请求权竞合进行请求返还权的法理分析，从惩罚说、拒绝保护说、一般预防说对不得请求返还权的成因进一步探讨加以定性，并对国家追缴展开法理分析。我国对不法原因给付的法律后果没有规定，，而是从《民法通则》58条、《合同法》52条的规定反推，从民事行为的效力与合同效力两个角度予以规定。在第四章中通过陈述、比较我国现行法律规定及适用情况，结合司法实务中的案例进行总结，提出合理的立法建议。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, the forms of people's social activities are becoming more and more diverse.The phenomenon of paying for illegal reasons is becoming more and more frequent.The reason of lawlessness here has two meanings, one is to violate the provisions of jus cogens, the other is to violate public order and good customs.In reality, is it possible to claim restitution for unlawful reasons?If we deny the right of return because we can not claim the reason of violating the law, will it lead to the illegal and lawful result and connive at the lawbreakers to a certain extent?But if the return is supported, the violator may be protected against the law at will.In our country, there is a lack of consistent recognition of the illegal cause pay act, and the secrecy of the illegal cause pay behavior itself makes the illegal reason pay not get reasonable legal regulation.This paper focuses on this series of issues and puts forward further legislative suggestions.It is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is the legislative case study of the illegal reason payment; the second chapter is the constitutive elements of the illegal reason payment; the third chapter is the legal consequence of the illegal reason payment; the fourth chapter is the legislative suggestion of the illegal reason pay in our country.The system of payment for illegal reasons has a long history. In the first chapter, through the introduction of different legislative examples of various countries, we can understand the different provisions of civil law system and common law system, and combine with the practical case law.Understanding the development and changes of illegal cause payment in different legal systems is helpful for us to better grasp its causes and characteristics and play a better reference role in modern legislation.The constitutive elements of illegal cause payment have always been disputed in academic circles, and each element has its own standard. Therefore, in the second chapter, the two elements of "act of payment" and "existence of illegal reason" are taken as the object of study.The concrete analysis is carried out, through the theory of property payment and the theory of behavior pay, the nature of the behavior is explored, the nature of the act is explored, the reasonable qualitative analysis is given through the elaboration and comparison of the different theories of "illegal", and the theory of objective reasons is adopted.The study of subjective cause theory puts forward a deeper understanding of the meaning of "cause".The legal consequence of illegal cause payment is the core problem which is difficult to solve. In the third chapter, by analyzing the causes of different legal consequences and comparing the effect of implementation, we try to find the best solution.From the basis, nature and concurrence of the right of claim respectively, the author analyzes the legal principle of the right of restitution of request, from the view of punishment, the theory of refusal of protection, the theory of general prevention, and further discusses the causes of non-return of the right to return.And the legal analysis of the state recovery.In our country, the legal consequences of payment of illegal reasons are not prescribed, but are reversed from the provisions of Article 58 of the General principles of Civil Law and Article 52 of the contract Law, and are stipulated from the two angles of the validity of civil acts and the effectiveness of contracts.In the fourth chapter, through the statement, compare the current legal provisions and the application of our country, combined with the judicial practice of the case summary, put forward reasonable legislative proposals.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D913

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