情事变更原则适用问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 18:42

本文选题：情事变更原则 + 不可抗力　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“契约必须严守”是一项古老的原则，它彰显了合同对双方当事人的约束力。但是当客观情况发生变化导致合同继续履行成为不必要或者不公平时，若坚守契约必须严守原则，法律则未免过于苛刻。此时应允许有例外规则，情事变更原则即为此种例外规则。虽然情事变更原则在理论界由来已久，但我国立法上曾长期未得到确认，在司法实务中遇有相关的案子多以民法的公平诚信原则作出处理。直到2009年2月9日，最高人民法院通过了《关于适用中华人民共和国合同法若干问题的解释（二）》，其第26条正式规定了情事变更原则。然而理论界与实务界对该原则的讨论并没有减少，在适用中依然存在诸多问题，特别是当前国家房产调控大背景下，房屋买卖合同纠纷涌现，引发了对房产政策是否构成情事变更的争议。基于以上考虑，本文在考察分析国内外关于情事变更原则的理论及立法的基础上，结合实际案例，对情事变更原则适用的问题进行深入分析，，寻求解决以上问题的方法。本文共分四章：第一章情事变更原则的基本理论。该章首先界定了情事变更原则的概念，包括比较法上与情事变更原则对应的契约受挫制度及交易基础障碍制度；其次分析了情事变更原则的理论基础；最后对国内外有关情事变更原则的立法演变进行阐述，了解情事变更原则发展过程中的问题。第二章情事变更原则的适用条件。本章论述了情事变更原则的适用条件主要包括：具有情事变更的事实；情事变更发生于合同成立后、履行完毕前；情事变更须不可预见；情事变更不可归责于双方当事人；情事变更致合同原样履行显失公平。同时，对契约受挫制度及交易基础障碍制度的适用条件与情事变更原则的不同之处也进行分析。第三章情事变更原则的适用后果。本章论述了情事变更原则的适用后果包括再交涉义务、变更合同及解除合同，且三者是渐进的。第四章情事变更原则适用的实务问题。本章首先提出两则有关房产政策引发的案例，并对其进行评析。然后针对审判过程中遇到的情事变更与不可抗力、商业风险难以区分的情形，对三者的区别进行分析，并对各种房产政策进行认定。最后，对于实务中遇到的其他问题亦进行探讨，主要包括情事变更原则适用时的自由裁量权问题、程序规则问题及是否应引入量的标准问题，提出建议。
[Abstract]:"contract must be strictly adhered to" is an ancient principle, which demonstrates the binding force of the contract on both parties. However, when the objective circumstances change and the performance of the contract becomes unnecessary or unfair, the law is too harsh if we stick to the principle of the contract. Exceptions shall be allowed at this time, and the principle of variation of circumstances shall be such an exception. Although the principle of circumstance change has been existed for a long time in the theoretical circle, the legislation of our country has not been confirmed for a long time, and the principle of fair and good faith in civil law is used to deal with the related cases in judicial practice. Until February 9, 2009, the Supreme people's Court adopted the interpretation of certain issues concerning the Application of contract Law of the people's Republic of China (2), article 26 of which formally stipulated the principle of change of circumstances. However, the discussion of this principle has not been reduced in the theoretical and practical circles, and there are still many problems in its application, especially in the context of the current national real estate regulation and control, and the disputes over the sale of housing contracts emerge. Triggered a dispute over whether the property policy constitutes a change of events. Based on the above considerations, this paper, on the basis of reviewing and analyzing the theory and legislation of the principle of circumstance change at home and abroad, and combining with practical cases, makes a deep analysis of the application of the principle of change of circumstance, and seeks the methods to solve the above problems. This paper is divided into four chapters: The first chapter is the basic theory of the principle of circumstance change. This chapter firstly defines the concept of the principle of change of circumstances, including the system of contract frustration and the system of barriers to transaction in comparative law, and then analyzes the theoretical basis of the principle of change of circumstances. At last, it expounds the legislative evolution of the principle of circumstance change at home and abroad, and understands the problems in the process of the development of the principle of change of circumstance. Chapter II conditions for application of the principle of change of circumstances. This chapter discusses the application conditions of the principle of change of circumstances, including: facts with the change of circumstances; the change of circumstances occurs after the establishment of the contract, before the completion of performance; the change of circumstances must not be foreseeable; the change of circumstances cannot be imputed to the parties; The change of circumstances results in the performance of the contract as is not fair. At the same time, the differences between the applicable conditions of the system of contract frustration and the system of basic obstacle of transaction and the principle of circumstance change are also analyzed. Chapter III the consequences of the application of the principle of change in circumstances. This chapter discusses the applicable consequences of the principle of change of events, including the obligation to renegotiate, the modification of the contract and the dissolution of the contract, and the three are gradual. Chapter IV practical issues concerning the application of the principle of change of circumstances. This chapter firstly puts forward two cases about housing policy and evaluates them. Then in view of the situation that the circumstance change and force majeure encountered in the trial process, the commercial risk is difficult to distinguish, the difference among the three is analyzed, and various real estate policies are confirmed. Finally, the other problems encountered in practice are also discussed, including the discretion when the principle of change of circumstances is applied, the question of procedural rules and the standard of whether to introduce quantity.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

【相似文献】