论合同中的情势变更原则

发布时间：2018-05-31 01:23

本文选题：情势变更 + 适用条件　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：情势变更原则是合同法中的重要原则,它强调的是实质意义上的公平、公正。该原则在世界上的最主要的两大法系都是被承认的。我国属于大陆法系的国家,在我国的合同法最初制定时,针对是否应当将此原则写入合同法,引起了参与立法的理论法学界、应用法学界等诸领域专家的热烈讨论,《合同法》的最终颁布实施采纳了不主张确立情势变更原则一派的意见。零三年一场突如其来的“非典”疫情在我国迅速传播,以及零四年无情肆虐的禽流感疫情,带给我们的不只是对疾病的恐惧,与此同时也再次唤起了学术界对于情势变更原则是否应确立于法典中的考量,而接踵而至的突发事件也证明了情势变更原则理论在我国现实生活、社会实务中的必要性和紧迫性。当司法实践中我们的法官面对因情势变更而导致无法或难以履行的合同,如何予以解决?又怎样给出一个合理的裁判依据!法官又无法拒绝裁判,实践中这一问题日渐凸显、难以回避。情势变更原则的定义是：双方当事人签订合同成立生效后,客观情况发生了不属于商业风险的,当事人不能预见的,非不可抗力造成的巨大变化。如果此时继续履行合同,将会对合同的一方当事人造成损害,或者最终达不成合同的目的。而允许变更或解除合同的原则。该原则的宗旨是维持当事人之间利益平衡,秉承和贯彻了民法中的公平原则、兼顾诚实信用原则,很好地体现了法律的连续性。鉴于我国现行法律中明确情势变更原则的实用性和紧迫性。同时也随着理论法学界日趋深入和成熟的法理认知以及司法实践中此类案例的不断涌现,我国各类法律都在不断的适时修改、调整,情势变更原则的立法环境和时机也日趋成熟,为了完善我国的司法建设,在合同法中确立情势变更原则,进而完善合同法。以使得我国经济生活中所发生的情势变更事件能更好地得以解决。最高人民法院于2009年4月公布的最高人民法院《关于适用中华人民共和国合同法》若干解释(二)中对情势变更原则做出了规定,将曾经中断的情势变更原则立法重新恢复。本文以此为核心,论证了情势变更原则立法化的必要性,以及立法后如何完善如何适用。本次论文采用了比较分析、历史研究、和实例分析的方法。全文共划分为四个章节,第一章主要介绍了情势变更原则的一般问题,其中包括情势变更原则的概念,性质和意义。主要阐述了其和相关概念的比较：与不可抗力、商业风险的异同点。第二章是关于情势变更原则的沿革及理论依据,包括从罗马法时代到一战结束后的理论沿革。着重论述了大陆法系的情势变更原则和英美法系的合同落空理论的来源及发展过程,从比较法的角度进行了分析,考察了世界各个国家和法系的相关立法,也阐明了情势变更原则的重要理论基础。第三章论述了事情变更原则的适用条件和效力,证明了合同双方当事人在具备什么样的客观主观条件时才可以向法院申请适用情势变更原则以保护自身的利益,还有适用该原则后所带来的一系列法律后果。第四章,立足情势变更原则进入立法的现状,忆过去、看今朝。首先分析了曾经我国关于情势变更原则的立法不足,然后论述了进入立法后,该原则需要完善的地方,还有司法机关在适用该原则时需要注意的问题。经过反复思考,笔者得出如下结论：纵使来路坎坷万难,我国的情势变更原则终于进入了立法化的进程。我们很欣喜的看到,有关情势变更原则的相关规定已明确写入了最高人民法院《关于适用中华人民共和国合同法若干问题的解释(二)》。这是在我国此领域的一个实质的飞跃。法律出台后就是如何适用如何更好适用的问题,避免滥用,更要避免将该法律束之高阁,这就给司法机关提出了更高的要求。
[Abstract]:The principle of change of circumstances is an important principle in the law of contract. It emphasizes fairness and fairness in substantive meaning. The principle of this principle is recognized in the two major legal systems in the world. China belongs to the country of the continental law system. When the contract law of our country is initially formulated, the principle should be written to the contract law, which has caused the participation and establishment of the contract law. The theoretical jurisprudence of the law, the heated discussion of experts in the field of applied law and other fields, the final promulgation and implementation of the contract law adopted the opinion that the principle of changing the situation was not advocated. 03 years of a sudden epidemic of "SARS" spread rapidly in our country, and the outbreak of avian influenza, which was unravaged for 04 years, brought us not only It is a fear of disease and at the same time arouses the academic circles to consider whether the principle of change of circumstances should be established in the code of law, and the ensuing emergencies also prove the necessity and urgency of the theory of the principle of change of circumstances in our real life and social practice. How to solve the contract which can not be performed by change or difficult to be carried out? How to give a reasonable basis for refereeing! The judge can not refuse the referee. In practice, this problem is becoming increasingly prominent and difficult to avoid.
The definition of the principle of change of circumstances is that, after the signing of the contract, the objective situation occurs when the objective situation does not belong to the commercial risk, the parties can not foresee the great changes caused by the force majeure. If they continue to perform the contract at this time, it will damage the parties of the Party of the contract, or ultimately fail to achieve the purpose of the contract. The tenet of this principle is to maintain a balance of interests between the parties, uphold and carry out the principle of fairness in civil law, take into account the principle of honesty and credit, and well reflect the continuity of the law. In view of the fact that the current law in our country has clearly defined the practicality and urgency of the change of the situation, it also follows the theory. The law circles are becoming more and more thorough and mature, as well as the continuous emergence of such cases in judicial practice. All kinds of laws in our country are constantly amending, adjusting and changing the principle of change of circumstances are becoming more and more mature. In order to perfect the judicial construction of our country, the principle of changing the situation in the same law is established and the contract is perfected. In order to solve the problem of changing circumstances in our economic life better.
The Supreme People's court, published by the Supreme People's court in April 2009, made a provision on the principle of change in the situation of the application of the People's Republic of China Contract Law (two), and resumed the legislation that had been interrupted by the principle of change of circumstances. This article demonstrates the necessity and legislation of the legislation of the principle of change of circumstances, and the legislation. How to improve the application of this method is compared with historical analysis and case analysis.
The full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the general problems of the principle of change of situation, including the concept, nature and significance of the principle of change of circumstances. It mainly expounds its comparison with the related concepts: the similarities and differences with the force majeure and the commercial risk. The second chapter is the evolution and theoretical basis of the principle of change of circumstances, including the basis of the theory and the theoretical basis. From the time of the Rome law to the end of the first World War, this paper focuses on the principle of change of situation in the continental law system and the origin and development process of the theory of contract fall in the Anglo American law system. It is analyzed from the angle of comparative law, inspected the relevant legislation of various countries and legal systems in the world, and clarified the important theoretical basis of the principle of change of circumstances. The third chapter discusses the applicable conditions and effectiveness of the principle of change of things, and proves that the parties in the contract can apply for the application of the principle of change of circumstances to protect their own interests when they have the objective subjective conditions, and a series of legal consequences brought by the application of this principle. The fourth chapter is based on the change of the situation. The present situation of legislation, recalling the past, and looking at the present. First, it analyzes the shortage of legislation on the principle of change of circumstances in our country, and then discusses the place where the principle needs to be perfected after entering the legislation, and the problems that the judicial organs need to pay attention to when applying the principle.
After repeated thinking, the author draws the following conclusions: the principle of change of situation in our country has finally entered the process of legislation. We are pleased to see that the relevant provisions concerning the principle of change of circumstances have been explicitly written to the interpretation of some questions concerning the application of the People's Republic of China contract law to the Supreme People's Court ( Two) >. This is a substantial leap in this field in China. After the introduction of the law, how to apply the problem of how to apply better, avoid abuse, and avoid putting the law on the shelf, which puts forward higher requirements to the judiciary.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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