小额贷款公司可持续发展法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 16:53

本文选题：小额信贷 + 小额贷款公司　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“只贷不存”的小额贷款公司作为我国的的一种金融创新，是正规金融体系的有益补充，是小额信贷由福利主义向制度主义转型趋势的具体表现，是小额信贷组织商业化的一种实现途径。小额贷款公司自2005年在我国试点以来，经历了近七年时间，如雨后春笋般在全国各地出现并蓬勃发展，其强劲的发展势头不但证明了本身存在的合理性，也展示了在微小企业发展和新农村建设中的重要作用，但随着小额贷款公司实践的深入，所暴露出来的问题也越来越多，尤其是法律制度层面的问题已经成为阻碍其可持续发展的瓶颈。要使小额贷款公司可持续发展，更好的发挥其特有的作用，就必须首先解决其法律制度层面问题，培育出适合其发展的法律制度环境。本文以小额贷款公司的可持续发展为出发点和归宿，深入的分析了小额贷款公司面临的法律问题，主要分为五个部分进行研究论证：第一部分，笔者从小额信贷的内涵及宗旨出发，引出小额贷款公司的概念和特点，并在此基础上，分析论证了小额贷款公司持续发展的可能性，提出了其可持续发展的条件。在文章的第二部分，笔者首先从三个方面论证了小额贷款公司产生的背景，即国际小额信贷发展的趋势、我国金融改革创新的政策、我国金融市场庞大的需求和潜在的民间金融供应；其次以2008年小额贷款公司扩大在全国范围内试点为界线，概括了我国小额贷款公司自2005年试点以来两个阶段的发展情况；最后，笔者分析指出小额贷款公司发展中存在的主要问题。第三部分是本文的核心部分，笔者在本部分重点分析论证了我国小额贷款公司可持续发展面临的法律制度问题。通过对现行调整小额贷款公司的各种法律制度，包括法律层面的《公司法》和《合同法》等、规章层面的部门规章和地方政府规章以及部门规范性文件的分析，笔者认为，调整小额贷款公司的主要法律还停留在规章层面，甚至最主要的《关于小额贷款公司试点工作的指导意见》其性质属于部门规范性文件，由于位阶过低，导致其与《公司法》和《行政许可法》等存在内容上的冲突，，从而使小额贷款公司一直游走在政策与法律的边缘，很多规定于法无据，同时这些规章和规范性文件本身规定的内容也存在一些问题，如对小额贷款公司法律定位不情、准入条件过低、股权结构规定分散、监管制度混乱、退出机制阙如等，这些法律问题一起构成了小额贷款公司可持续发展的障碍。在文章的结尾，也就是本文的第四、五部分，笔者首先对国际成功的小额信贷模式进行分析并总结出值得我国发展小贷借鉴的成功经验，接着论证了小额贷款可持续性发展的必要性，在此基础上，从宏观、中观和微观层面上分析论证了完善我国小额贷款公司法律制度应坚持的基本理念，提出了具体的立法建议。
[Abstract]:As a kind of financial innovation in our country, the micro-loan company with "only loan does not exist" is a beneficial supplement to the formal financial system and a concrete manifestation of the transition trend of microfinance from welfarism to institutionalism. It is a way to realize the commercialization of microfinance organizations. Since the pilot of microfinance companies in 2005 in China, experienced nearly seven years, such as springing up in all parts of the country appeared and flourished, its strong development momentum not only proved its own existence of rationality, It also demonstrates the important role played in the development of micro-enterprises and the construction of new rural areas, but with the deepening of the practice of micro-credit companies, more and more problems have been exposed. Especially, the problem of legal system has become the bottleneck which hinders its sustainable development. In order to make the sustainable development of microfinance companies and better play its unique role, we must first solve the problem of its legal system level, and cultivate a legal system environment suitable for its development. In this paper, the sustainable development of microfinance companies as the starting point and destination, in-depth analysis of the legal problems faced by microfinance companies, mainly divided into five parts for research and demonstration: In the first part, starting from the connotation and purpose of microfinance, the author introduces the concept and characteristics of microfinance company, and on this basis, analyzes and demonstrates the possibility of sustainable development of microfinance company, and puts forward the conditions for its sustainable development. In the second part of the article, the author first demonstrates the background of microfinance companies from three aspects, that is, the trend of international microfinance development, China's financial reform and innovation policies, The huge demand of financial market and the potential private financial supply in our country, secondly, taking the small loan company in 2008 as the boundary of the national pilot project, summarizes the two stages of the development of the small loan company in our country since the pilot experiment in 2005. Finally, the author points out the main problems in the development of microfinance companies. The third part is the core part of this paper. In this part, the author analyzes and demonstrates the legal system problems faced by the sustainable development of microfinance companies in China. Through the analysis of the current legal system of adjusting the microfinance companies, including the company law and contract law, the regulations of the department and the local government, and the normative documents of the department, the author thinks that, The major laws regulating microfinance companies still remain at the regulatory level, and even the most important "guidance on pilot work of microfinance companies" is by nature a sectoral normative document, because the rank is too low. As a result of its conflict with the Company Law and the Administrative Licensing Law, the microfinance companies have been on the edge of policies and laws, many of which have no basis in the law. At the same time, there are also some problems in the contents of these regulations and normative documents themselves, such as the lack of legal position of microfinance companies, the low entry conditions, the scattered ownership structure provisions, the confusion of the regulatory system, the absence of an exit mechanism, and so on. These legal issues together constitute an obstacle to the sustainable development of microfinance companies. At the end of the article, that is, the fourth and fifth parts of this paper, the author first analyzes the international successful microcredit model and summarizes the successful experience of the development of small loans in China. Then it demonstrates the necessity of the sustainable development of microfinance, on this basis, from the macro, meso and micro level analysis and demonstration of the improvement of the legal system of microfinance companies should adhere to the basic concepts, and put forward specific legislative proposals.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【参考文献】