动产买卖合同交付制度若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 23:38

本文选题：买卖 + 合同　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文由序言、正文、结语组成。序言部分介绍了买卖之重要性，买卖契约为最重要的债权契约。出卖人为获取价款而出让物的所有权，买受人支付价款的目的是为了取得出卖物的所有权，买卖契约的本质是移转标的物的所有权。在一项普通的动产买卖合同中不可避免地涉及到民法中的两大民事权利——债权与物权，而连接这两大权利的纽带便是交付，交付具有将债权转移为物权的媒介作用，任何动产买卖合同当事人目的实现，均离不开交付，均是交付的必然结果，交付乃动产买卖合同的灵魂。正文分为四个部分，第一部分通过比较分析的方法阐明交付的性质。采物权形式主义的民法因承认在动产买卖合同之外，另行成立物权契约（物权行为），并践以交付这一形式，才能转移标的物之所有权，即在债权行为之外独立存在物权行为，并承认物权行为之无因性，交付虽有错误，但仍完全有效，丧失所有权之人仅能依不当得利之规定请求返还。采债权意思主义的民法中，标的物的交付与所有权转移无关，即交付不引起物权变动，至多是动产物权的对抗要件。采债权形式主义的民法中，动产买卖合同虽有效成立，尚不能发生所有权转移之效果，唯有将动产交付，始生所有权转移效力，不需在买卖合同之外另行成立物权契约，交付乃动产物权变动的生效要件。我国民法采此主义。正文第二部分，主要介绍交付的公示意义及具体形态。现代各国民法，关于物权变动的公示方法，不论是意思主义立法，还是形式主义立法，都是以交付为动产公示方法。关于交付的具体形态，有现实交付（包括拟制交付）及观念交付两种情形，观念交付包括简易交付、指示交付和占有改定。我国合同法中承认简易交付、拟制交付。我国民事立法承认指示交付和占有改定。正文第三部分为主要介绍交付的基础——买卖合同。采物权形式主义的民法因承认在债权行为即买卖契约之外独立存在物权契约，因而认为交付属于物权行为，与产生交付基础的债权行为或原因相分离，无论债权契约是有效，亦或无效或得撤销，交付均产生转移所有权的效力。但也发生返还请求权的问题，但不是基于原因或基础行为——买卖合同无效或被撤销的物权返还请求权，而是基于不当得利而享有的返还请求权。不承认债权的履行过程中有物权行为，则交付的效力取决于买卖合同的效力，买卖合同无效或被撤销，交付溯及既往地不发生效力，占有交付标的物的一方负返还义务，买卖合同被变更的，交付亦相应变更。交付请求权基础——合同生效并届至履行期；中止交付基础——抗辩权的行使；返还交付请求权基础——合同无效或被撤销；返还原物请求权的例外——第三人善意取得。正文第四部分主要介绍交付的效力。有效交付，自交付时起，标的物之所有权、孳息、风险责任等则由买受人享有和承担，法律另有规定和当事人另有约定的除外。但出卖人仍须承担物的瑕疵担保义务和权利瑕疵担保义务。符合合同约定的交付消灭合同义务，不符合合同约定的交付原则上不视为交付。某此特定动产，例如民用航空器、船舶，虽经交付，亦不当然发生权利变动。单纯交付永远不会使所有权移转，若先有出卖或其他正当原因而后据此为交付，则会使所有权移转。因交付而转移所有权，不仅适用于种类物，而且适用于特定物。标的物的意外灭失的风险自交付之时转移于买受人，而不管所有权是否随之转移，即“利益之所在，危险之所归”。因买受人的原因致使标的物不能按照约定的期限交付的，买受人应当自违反约定之日起承担标的物毁损、灭失的风险，而不论买受人有无过错。基于无效合同为交付不能产生前述后果，而应返还财产或赔偿损失，但第三人善意、有偿取得该财产的，当属例外。基于可撤销合同为交付，在合同被撤销前，买受人基于对物权的处分与第三人所为一切行为，均不得因合同被撤销而归于无效，且合同撤销之效力不及于第三人。基于主体不适格的效力待定合同所为交付，如被追认，交付有效；如果该合同被善意相对人撤销，则该合同自始没有拘束力，交付之效力适用无效合同交付的原则处理。基于无权处分合同出卖人交付标的物后，在符合善意取得的条件下，该无权处分行为应当认定为生效行为，交付有效。最后一部分为结束语，即交付具有将债权转移为物权的媒介作用，交付着眼于动态的物权变动，它公示着物权的运动过程，在动产买卖合同中，绝无物权行为之存在。除法律另有规定和当事人另有约定外，有效交付不仅产生所有权变动，而且风险责任及孳息亦同时转移。我国未来民法应继续将交付视为动产物权变动的生效要件。关于交付形态，我国立法应承认指示交付和占有改定，但只能在当事人间有拘束力，不得对抗第三人。交付行为除原则上应符合合同约定外，还要转移占有于买受人，，方为交付完成，但指示交付和占有改定除外。符合合同约定的交付，消灭合同义务。
[Abstract]:This thesis consists of the preface , the text and the conclusion . The preface introduces the importance of the sale . The sale contract is the most important creditor ' s creditor ' s creditor ' s right . The seller pays the price . The buyer pays the price . In order to get the ownership of the seller , the essence of the contract is to transfer the ownership of the subject .

The article is divided into four parts . The first part sets forth the nature of the delivery through comparative analysis . In the civil law , the property right contract ( real right act ) is established separately .

The second part of the text mainly introduces the public meaning and the concrete form of the delivery . The modern national civil law , the public display method about the change of the real right , whether the meaning - doctrine legislation or the formalist legislation , is delivered as the public property method of the movable property . With regard to the specific form of delivery , the actual delivery ( including the proposed delivery ) and the concept delivery , the concept delivery includes simple delivery , indicating the delivery and possession change . The contract law of our country recognizes the simple delivery and the proposed delivery . The civil legislation of our country recognizes the delivery and possession of change .

The third part of the text refers to the basis of the delivery of the contract . The civil law of the right of mining right is based on the recognition of the existence of the right contract independent of the creditor ' s right behavior , namely the purchase and sale contract , but it is not based on the effect of the right of return of the creditor ' s right . However , it is not based on the effect of the buyer ' s contract , the seller ' s contract is invalid or revoked , the delivery is not effective , the delivery contract is changed , and the delivery is changed accordingly .
( b ) Suspension of the exercise of the basis for delivery of defence _ defence ;
Return to Delivery Claim Base _ Contract is invalid or revoked ;
The exception of the right to return the original object _ shall be obtained in good faith by the third person .

The fourth part of the text mainly introduces the effectiveness of the delivery . Effective delivery , as of delivery , the ownership , fruits and risk responsibilities of the subject matter shall be enjoyed and borne by the Buyer , unless otherwise agreed by the parties . However , the Seller shall return the property or compensate for the loss due to the delivery . However , the Buyer shall return the property or compensate for the loss . However , the Buyer shall return the property or compensate for the loss .
If the contract is withdrawn by a bona fide counterpart , the contract shall be free of binding force at the beginning and the validity of the delivery shall apply to the principle of invalid contract delivery . The right to dispose of the contract shall be deemed to be in force and shall be delivered in an effective manner after the seller ' s delivery of the subject matter based on the right to dispose of the subject matter is not entitled to dispose of the subject matter .

The final part is the conclusion that the delivery has the media function of transferring the creditor ' s rights to the real right , the delivery is focused on the movement of the real right , it shows the movement process of the real right . In addition to the stipulations of the law and the other agreement of the parties , the effective delivery not only produces the change of ownership , but also the risk responsibility and the fruits are transferred . The future civil law of our country should continue to regard the delivery as the effective element of the movement of the movable property right .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.2;D923.6

【参考文献】