买卖合同标的物风险转移问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 17:35

【摘要】：国际市场因为时代的日益发展,现已呈现出经济全球化和贸易全球化的趋势。与此同时,各个国家和地区之间的贸易活动也日渐频繁。为了实现资源在不同地区的合理分配,各国企业已开始陆续选择跨国、跨区域的交易方式。在国际货物交易进程中,已形成各种多元化格局：运输方式的多元化、买卖方式的多元化、支付方式的多元化等。随着商业模式的扩张与转变,国际商品买卖中所引发的各种风险和意外都不可避免。风险的承担问题对于买卖双方而言,一向是一个备受关注且极具重要性的问题,因为承担风险与否或承担风险方式的变换都将直接关系到买卖双方的利益。然而,在不同的风险负担规则和制度之下,风险的承担问题体现出极具分歧和争议的结果。对于国际货物买卖双方企业而言,对于风险进行合理控制是获得最大化利润的重要步骤。所以,对于买卖过程中风险承担问题的研究,以及从企业的角度针对风险防范和控制提出建议,都显得十分必要。笔者在本文结合风险的概念、风险转移的理论和相关规则,针对货物风险转移问题提出自己的建议,希望能为我国企业在国际货物买卖领域中的稳步发展和风险规避提供帮助。本文拟分成四个部分：第一部分：提出并介绍了风险的涵义与特点,以及货物风险转移的三种最为重要的立法理论,其分别是：合同成立主义、所有权主义和交付主义。笔者对该三种理论各自的优点和不恰之处结合案例进行了全面的分析,在章节最后,指出交付主义原则的采用是因为其在现代国际货物买卖中具有明显的优势。第二部分：结合案例和法条规定展示了关于货物风险转移的典型法律规定,笔者选择了以下几部法律进行详细介绍：分别是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(CISG)、美国《统一商法典》和《INCOTERMS 2010》。第三部分：结合具体案例论述我国当前相关的立法现状,包括《合同法》中的合同风险方面的相关规定和相关司法解释中的规定,并针对《合同法》中立法规定的现状,笔者提出了自己的建议。第四部分：笔者尝试探讨在国际贸易中,我国企业的风险防范方式。笔者从买卖双方的角度出发,对买卖双方分别提出针对性建议。
[Abstract]:Due to the development of the times, the international market has shown the trend of economic globalization and trade globalization. At the same time, various countries and regions between the increasingly frequent trade activities. In order to realize the rational distribution of resources in different regions, enterprises in various countries have begun to choose transnational and cross-regional transaction methods one after another. In the process of international goods transaction, various diversified patterns have been formed: the diversification of transportation mode, the diversification of buying and selling mode, the diversification of payment method, and so on. With the expansion and transformation of business model, all kinds of risks and accidents caused by international commodity trading are inevitable. The problem of risk bearing has always been a matter of great concern and importance to the buyer and seller, because whether or not to bear the risk or not or the change of the way of taking the risk will directly affect the interests of both the buyer and the seller. However, under different rules and systems of risk burden, the problem of risk bearing reflects the result of great difference and controversy. For the enterprises of international goods buyers and sellers, reasonable control of risk is an important step to maximize profits. Therefore, it is necessary to study the problem of risk bearing in the course of buying and selling, and to put forward some suggestions on risk prevention and control from the point of view of enterprise. Based on the concept of risk, the theory of risk transfer and the relevant rules, the author puts forward his own suggestions on the problem of risk transfer of goods, hoping to provide help for the steady development and risk aversion of Chinese enterprises in the field of international sale and purchase of goods. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: put forward and introduce the meaning and characteristics of risk, as well as the three most important legislative theories of goods risk transfer, namely: contract formation, ownership and delivery. At the end of the chapter, the author points out that the adoption of the principle of delivery is due to its obvious advantages in the modern international trade of goods. The second part shows the typical legal provisions on the risk transfer of goods in combination with the case and the provisions of the articles. The author chooses the following laws to introduce in detail: the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods (CISG), the United States of America (uniform Commercial Code) and the < INCOTERMS 2010 >. The third part: combined with specific cases to discuss the current situation of relevant legislation in China, including the contract risk in the contract Law and the relevant provisions in the judicial interpretation, and the current situation of the legislative provisions in the contract Law. The author puts forward his own suggestion. The fourth part: the author tries to explore the risk prevention mode of Chinese enterprises in international trade. From the point of view of the buyer and seller, the author puts forward specific suggestions to the buyer and seller respectively.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.6

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