论动物权利思想的演进

发布时间：2018-01-01 00:23

本文关键词：论动物权利思想的演进　出处：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着全球性的生态危机对人类的生存和发展产生严重的威胁,保护环境、爱护动物的呼声日趋高涨。动物权利则日渐成为正确认识人与动物关系的关键问题。事实上，动物权利思想有一个历史的发展过程，只有从历史的视角进行考察动物权利的成长的全过程，我们才能全面理解和掌握动物权利的基本内涵，才能更理性地看待人与动物的关系，才能发现动物保护价值观重构的重要性和紧迫性，进而找到保护动物的最佳实践路径。步入生态文明，由于人类还没有完全形成善待动物的习惯，所以，人类追求更多利益的愿望，容易幻化为无节制地虐杀动物；对美好生活的向往，也容易寄望于过度地掠夺动物资源来实现。基于此，本文带着如何定义动物权利、如何对待人与动物的关系、如何实现和谐的目标等一系列时代的追问，按照历史的发展脉络，将动物权利思想的演进分为三个发展阶段，即古代附魅动物权利观、近代祛魅动物权利观和现当代返魅动物权利观。文章通过对动物权利思想的三次重大转型的分析和梳理，进一步探讨动物权利思想的理论价值和实践意义，在客观地正视动物权利法定化的困境的前提下，提出建构符合中国国情的动物保护价值理念，进而探寻我国动物保护的立法模式。本文除了导论和结语之外，共分为四个部分。文章的主体部分依次围绕以下方面展开论述：第一部分：古代附魅动物权利观。古代附魅动物权利观主张人与动物关系的自然统一。首先，介绍了古代附魅动物权利观产生的现实背景。原始文明和农业文明时期的人类与自然保持着一种朴素的和谐关系，为古代附魅动物权利观的产生提供了时代背景；而古代中西方文化中蕴含的宗教神学思想和古代自然法亦为古代附魅动物权利观的产生提供了理论背景。其次，阐述了古代附魅动物权利观的基本形态。其主要的基本形态有：远古时代的“图腾崇拜”和“万物有灵论”、西方的自然主义自然观和神学主义自然观、中国儒、道、佛的“天人合一”思想。最后，评述了古代附魅动物权利观。对古代附魅动物权利观的概念做了简单的介绍，在此基础上，对古代附魅动物权利观进行评析，从古代附魅动物权利观的法律化以及中西方的动物权利观的比较中客观地分析和评价。第二部分：近代祛魅动物权利观。近代祛魅动物权利观主张人与动物关系的分裂。首先，介绍了近代祛魅动物权利观产生的现实背景。工业文明带来了生产力的飞速发展和科学技术的突飞猛进，为人类与动物的关系走向对立提供了时代背景；而“人类中心主义”价值观、“理性”自然法以及“主客二分”观念为人类与动物的关系彻底分裂提供了理论背景。其次，阐述了近代祛魅动物权利观的基本形态。其主要的基本形态有：西方文艺复兴时期的“人文主义”、机械主义动物观、启蒙运动的“人道主义”以及中国近代“西学东渐”思潮中的“人类中心主义”价值观。最后，评述了近代祛魅动物权利观。对近代祛魅动物权利观的概念做了简单的介绍，在此基础上，从时代进步性和历史局限性两个方面对近代祛魅动物权利观进行评析。第三部分：现当代返魅动物权利观。现当代返魅动物权利观主张人与动物关系的和谐相处。首先，介绍了现当代返魅动物权利观产生的现实背景。生态文明开启了人类追求和向往“和谐”的新时代，为人与动物关系的和谐发展提供了时代背景；非“人类中心主义”价值观、新自然法学的复兴以及“主客一体化”的理念为人与动物关系的和谐相处提供了理论背景。其次，阐述了现当代返魅动物权利观的基本形态。其主要的基本形态有：西方的动物福利论、动物权利论、其他思想中的动物权利观以及中国现当代学者的动物权利观。最后，评述了现当代返魅动物权利观。对现当代返魅动物权利观的概念做了简单的介绍，，在此基础上，对现当代祛魅动物权利观进行评析。一方面，肯定了祛魅动物权利观在伦理学领域和法学领域的重要意义。另一方面，分析了祛魅动物权利观存在着理论上的缺陷和实践上的困境。第四部分：对动物权利思想演进的反思。通过前三部分对动物权利思想发展脉络的梳理，“以史为鉴”的反思则是文章的最后落脚点。文章客观地指出，一方面，动物权利思想具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。另一方面，动物权利法定化存在着理论困境和实践障碍。基于此，要从动物权利思想的历史嬗变中得到深刻的启示。一是要建构动物保护的价值理念。以中国古代传统“天人合一”的思想和西方的自然法为基础，建构天人和谐的法律价值理念，并将其由宪法扩充到法律、法规，进一步渗透到各个层级效力的法律部门中，从而使相关法律部门“绿化”。二是选择动物保护立法模式。指出我国的动物保护立法必须立足中国国情，按照完善现有的动物保护法律法规、出台防止虐待动物法、制定动物福利法这一立法模式路线图，循序渐次地促进动物保护法律体系的完善和发展。
[Abstract]:With the serious threat to the global ecological crisis to human survival and development to protect the environment, animal care increasingly. Animal rights has become the key problem of the correct understanding of the relationship between man and animal. In fact, animal rights thought in the development process has a history, only the whole process of the growth of animal right from the historical perspective, we can fully understand and grasp the basic connotation of animal rights, the relationship between human and animal can think more rationally, in order to find the animal protection importance and urgency in the reconstruction of values, and then find the optimal path of practice of animal protection.
Into the ecological civilization, because the human has not formed the habit of treating animal, therefore, human desire to pursue more benefits, easily turned into uncontrolled animal mutilations; yearning for a better life, but also easy to hope to achieve in the excessive exploitation of animal resources. Based on this, this article with how to define animal rights, how to treatment of human and animal, how to realize the harmonious goal and a series of times questioning, in accordance with the historical development, the evolution of animal rights thought is divided into three stages, namely the ancient enchanted view on animal rights, modern disenchanted view on animal rights and contemporary re enchanted view on animal rights. Through analysis and carding three major transformation of animal rights thought, to further explore the animal rights thought theoretical value and practical significance, the face of animal rights in the plight of the objective,. In order to find out the animal protection value concept that accords with China's national conditions and explore the legislation mode of animal protection in China, this paper is divided into four parts besides the introduction and conclusion.
The first part: the ancient enchanted view on animal rights. Human and animal advocates the unity of natural relationship between the ancient enchanted view on animal rights. Firstly, introduces the background of ancient enchanted view on animal rights generated. Keep a simple and harmonious relationship between human beings and nature of primitive civilization and agricultural civilization period, provides background for the ancient enchanted view on animal rights; and contained in the ancient Western culture of religious theology and ancient natural law also provides the theoretical background of ancient enchanted view on animal rights. Secondly, expounds the basic form of ancient enchanted view on animal rights. The basic form of the major: ancient times "totem worship" and "animism", Western naturalistic view of nature and natural view of theology, Chinese Confucianism, Tao, Buddha's "harmony". Finally, ancient enchanted animal rights on profit The concept of ancient enchantment animal rights is briefly introduced. Based on that, the ancient concept of enchantment animal rights is analyzed, and objectively analyzed and evaluated from the legalization of ancient enchantment animal rights view and the comparison of animal rights between China and the West.
The second part: Modern disenchanted view on animal rights. Advocates of human and animal relationship between modern disenchanted view on animal rights division. Firstly, introduces the realistic background of modern disenchanted view on animal rights. The industrial civilization brought by the rapid development of productivity and science and technology, the relationship between human and animal is the opposite to provide background; the values of "Anthropocentrism", "the relationship between rational natural law and the subject and object of the two" concept of human and animal completely split with the theoretical background. Secondly, expounds the basic features of modern disenchanted view on animal rights. The basic form of the major: Western Renaissance humanism. Mechanicalism animal view, enlightenment of the "humanism" and China modern "Western learning" in the thought of "Anthropocentrism" values. Finally, comments on the recent Generation of disenchanted view on animal rights. The concept of modern disenchanted view on animal rights is briefly introduced, on the basis of this, the modern disenchanted view on animal rights analysis from two aspects of progress of the times and historical limitations.
The third part: Contemporary re enchanted view on animal rights. Harmony contemporary re enchanted view on animal rights advocates and animal relations. First, introduces the realistic background of contemporary re enchanted view on animal rights. The new era of ecological civilization on human pursuit and longing for "harmony", which provides background of harmony the development of the relationship between human and animal; "non anthropocentrism" values, to provide a theoretical background for Renaissance of the new natural law and the concept of "subject object integration" for the harmonious relationship between man and animal. Secondly, expounds the contemporary Reenchantment of the basic form of real right and dynamic view. Its basic form is: the western theory of animal welfare, animal rights theory, the other thought of the concept of animal rights and Chinese contemporary scholars view on animal rights. Finally, comments on the contemporary re enchanted view on animal rights. The contemporary Reenchantment of animal The concept of right view is briefly introduced, based on the analysis of modern disenchanted view on animal rights. On the one hand, affirmed the disenchanted view on animal rights is important in the field of ethics and law. On the other hand, analyzes the disenchanted view on animal rights defects and practice theory on the dilemma.
The fourth part: Reflections on the evolution of animal rights thought. Through analyzing the development of the idea of animal rights before the three part history reflection is the last stop. This paper objectively pointed out that on the one hand, it has important theoretical value and practical significance of animal rights thought. On the other hand, animal rights there are theoretical difficulties and obstacles in practice. Based on this, to get deep inspiration from the historical evolution of the ideology of the animal rights. One is to construct the value concept of animal protection. In the traditional "ancient Chinese harmony" thought and western natural law as the foundation, the construction of legal value concept of harmony between man and nature, and it will be extended to the law by the constitution, laws and regulations, legal departments at all levels to further penetrate the effect, so that the relevant legal departments of "green". The two is the choice of animal protection legislation mode. China's animal protection legislation must be based on China's national conditions. In accordance with the existing laws and regulations of animal protection, we should introduce the legislation mode of preventing animal abuse law and establishing animal welfare law, and gradually promote the perfection and development of animal protection legal system.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.69

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