法经济学视角下碳排放权交易法律制度构建

发布时间：2018-01-05 14:36

本文关键词：法经济学视角下碳排放权交易法律制度构建　出处：《上海交通大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要以法经济学的角度探讨碳排放权交易制度，碳排放权交易牵涉到多方利益，而法经济学可以通过分析交易成本的方法平衡各方利益，从而设计出使社会利益最大化的法律制度。因此，通过法经济学角度的分析可以给碳排放权交易一个不同与传统法律分析的视角。本文第一章主要介绍了碳排放权交易制度的定义及其特点，碳排放权具有稀缺性，其属于全民所有，由国家予以管理分配，其定义中包含了公法属性和私法属性的两种性质。由于碳排放权交易牵涉范围很广，因此，本文认为利用多学科的知识来分析碳排放权交易法律制度的构建才能够尽量扩大社会效益。法经济学研究碳排放权交易具有不可比拟的优势。之后三章依次递进的分析了碳排放权交易。碳排放权交易是为了解决温室效应，文章首先分析了温室效应存在的原因在于空气资源的公共性造成的公地悲剧，在环境资源的利用过程中，个人成本与社会成本的不一致造成了个人缺乏治理环境的动力。之后对比讨论两种解决方案——政府干预理论和科斯的自由市场理论，分析了两者在环境治理过程中的优缺点，从而明确了各自应当承担的角色，即在解决环境问题的过程中，应当采取市场交易的原则，以达到社会资源的最优配置，使社会效益最大化。同时，，仍需要一定程度的政府干预，由政府制定法律确定环境资源财产权归属，并根据公平正义的原则制定合理的财产分配方案，维护社会的公平和稳定。碳排放权交易制度就是依据上述原则设立的。之后重点用科斯定理分析碳排放权交易制度的设计，确立了制定碳排放权交易的基本原则就是交易成本最低。并进一步将交易成本细化为政府成本和市场成本，政府成本中我们需要控制其中的额外成本，而市场成本则是我们在构建碳排放权交易中需要重点调节的部分。之后则讨论了影响交易成本，导致制度失效的两个方面——政府失灵和市场失灵。政府失灵和市场失灵都会导致交易成本的加大，从而阻碍市场自由配置资源以及社会效益的最大化。最后则结合第三章的交易成本以及第四章的政府失灵和市场失灵提出了完善我国碳排放权交易市场的建议。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the trading system of carbon emission rights from the perspective of law and economics. Carbon emissions trading involves multiple interests, and law and economics can balance the interests of all parties by analyzing the transaction costs. Therefore, from the perspective of law and economics, carbon emissions trading can be a different perspective from the traditional legal analysis. The first chapter mainly introduces the definition and characteristics of carbon emissions trading system. Carbon emission rights are rare and owned by the whole people, which are managed and distributed by the state. The definition contains two properties, public law and private law. Because of the wide range of carbon emissions trading, carbon emissions trading involves a wide range. This paper argues that the construction of a legal system for carbon emissions trading can maximize social benefits by using multidisciplinary knowledge, and that the study of carbon emissions trading in law and economics has an incomparable advantage. The following three chapters in turn analyze the carbon emissions trading. Carbon emissions trading is to solve the Greenhouse Effect, the article first analyzes the existence of Greenhouse Effect lies in the public air resources caused by the tragedy of the Commons. In the process of using environmental resources. The inconsistency between individual cost and social cost causes the individual to lack the motivation of the environment of governance. Then the author compares the two solutions-the theory of government intervention and the free market theory of Coase. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the two in the process of environmental governance, so as to clarify their respective roles, that is, in the process of solving environmental problems, the principle of market transaction should be adopted. In order to achieve the optimal allocation of social resources, maximize social benefits. At the same time, there is still need for a certain degree of government intervention, by the government to make laws to determine the ownership of property rights of environmental resources. And according to the principle of fairness and justice to formulate a reasonable scheme of property distribution. Maintain the fairness and stability of society. Carbon emissions trading system is established according to the above principles. After that, the design of carbon emissions trading system is analyzed with Coase theorem. Establish the basic principle of carbon emissions trading is the lowest transaction cost, and further refine the transaction cost into government costs and market costs, government costs in which we need to control the additional costs. And the market cost is the part that we need to adjust in the construction of carbon emissions trading. Then we discuss the impact of transaction costs. There are two aspects that lead to the failure of system-government failure and market failure. Both government failure and market failure will lead to the increase of transaction cost. Finally, combined with the transaction cost in Chapter 3 and the government failure and market failure in Chapter 4th, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the carbon emissions trading market in China.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-05;D922.6

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