论海事局海洋防污染法律职权的完善

发布时间：2018-01-10 19:20

本文关键词：论海事局海洋防污染法律职权的完善　出处：《大连海事大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海洋作为地球生命支持系统不可缺少的部分,一则体现在对我们居住的环境和气候起着巨大的调节作用,维系着我们的生存；二则体现在其自身所蕴含的丰富资源,支持着我们的发展。但是近年来,随着国内外科学技术的迅猛发展,海洋受到了不同程度的污染和破坏。远说美国墨西哥湾事件,近说我国渤海湾漏油事件都是海洋受到污染的典型事件。相对于美国集中统一的海洋执法体制来说,我国的海洋执法体制分散,一旦出现问题后果相当严重,所以明晰各涉海行政机关的职权范围,完善法律职权势在必行。本文选取当前我国的主要海洋防污染主体之一,即中国海事局的职权为中心进行阐述,中国海事局是交通运输部领导下的部局,是在原先的港务监督局和船舶检验局基础上合并形成的。之所以选择海事局在海洋防污染法律职权完善这一角度,主要是因为它的海洋防污染职能对于海洋环境的保护和治理来说,占据着举足轻重的地位。本文先从我国海事局职权理论上进行分析,主要涉及的理论包括服务论、控权论、行政责任论等基础理论。同时,结合美国、日本、韩国三个国家的海洋防污染主体的执法实践,从中借鉴并学习经验,进而提出本文所探讨的海事局海洋防污染职权设定的标准,并结合该项标准具体对比中国海事局职权在海洋防污染中的优势和劣势,对其中的优势进行简要的介绍,对劣势结合案例进行详细分析,并把外国海洋防污染实践经验和我国实践中的不足进行归纳分析,从完善法律依据、加强协调与监督,以及完善执法这三个方面来对我国海事局防污染法律职权提出完善建议。
[Abstract]:As an indispensable part of the life support system of the earth, the ocean plays an important role in regulating the environment and climate in which we live. The second is reflected in its own rich resources, supporting our development. But in recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology at home and abroad. The oceans have been polluted and damaged to varying degrees. Far from the Gulf of Mexico incident in the United States. Recently, the Bohai Bay oil spill in China is a typical case of marine pollution. Compared with the centralized and unified marine law enforcement system in the United States, the marine law enforcement system in China is scattered, once the consequences of problems are quite serious. Therefore, it is imperative to clarify the terms of reference and perfect the legal authority of the administrative organs involved in sea. In this paper, one of the main marine pollution prevention agents in China, namely, the authority of the China Maritime Administration, is chosen as the center of elaboration, which is led by the Ministry of Communications and Transport. It is formed on the basis of the combination of the former harbour superintendency bureau and the ship inspection bureau. The reason why the maritime bureau is chosen to perfect the legal power of marine pollution prevention is this angle. Mainly because of its marine pollution prevention function for the protection and management of the marine environment, occupies a pivotal position. The main theories involved include service theory, control theory, administrative responsibility theory and other basic theories. At the same time, combined with the United States, Japan, South Korea three countries of marine pollution enforcement practice, learn from and learn from the experience. Furthermore, the paper puts forward the standard of marine pollution prevention authority set up in this paper, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of China Maritime Administration authority in marine pollution prevention with this standard. This paper briefly introduces the advantages, analyzes the disadvantages in combination with the case in detail, and sums up and analyzes the practical experience of foreign marine pollution prevention and the shortcomings in our practice from perfecting the legal basis. Strengthen the coordination and supervision, and improve the law enforcement to improve the pollution prevention legal authority of the Marine Bureau of our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68

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