环境侵权自力救济研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 19:41

本文关键词：环境侵权自力救济研究　出处：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境侵权救济方式一般有三种：公力救济、社会救济、自力救济。其中的公力救济处于中心地位，社会救济方兴未艾，然而唯独自力救济少有人染指，理论上的研究处于散乱状态，国家层面对此仍持非常谨慎甚至否定的态度。然而，由于公力救济的疲软无力，加之自力救济具有一定的合理性，使得自力救济现象在社会中大量存在。在现代文明社会中，环境侵权公力救济已经成为保护公民环境权利的主要手段，公力救济牢固的站到了历史的前台，并且在权利救济的结构中占据了中心性要素的地位。然而现实中即使是不断发达完备的一种制度也难以圆满的解决一个问题，更遑论一个不完善的制度。法治时代，包括环境侵权自力救济在内的自力救济长期以来被视为一种野蛮、落后和不文明的现象，法律竭力禁止这种非理性的自力救济行为。而自力救济有着很长的历史渊源，在效率和成本上比公力救济有着天然的优势，而且环境污染和破坏往往最先由权利人感知发现，对环境保护能起到预防的作用。因此，它在实践中仍然承担着维护社会秩序的重要功能，所以环境侵权的自力救济有它的生存空间。因此，我们既不能对环境侵权自力救济一味的否定，也不能片面强调其合理性，而必须注意其合理性和合法性限度。但在制度对环境侵权自力救济漠视的情况下，如何界定自力救济的范围和手段，，法律如何对自力救济进行规制将成为任何一个法治国家都必须面对的难题。解决这一问题的前提在于对自力救济正当性的认识，这就必须对自力救济的存在基础、存在价值和功能进行深入探讨，并以此为基础对法治社会的自力救济进行合理定位，从而引导权利主体实施合法的自力救济行为，以维护和谐的社会秩序。文章的主体部分依次围绕以下方面展开论述：第一部分:“环境侵权自力救济的基本内涵”。以环境群体性事件为例子引出文章的研究对象，通过分析环境侵权和自力救济，逐步明晰环境侵权自力救济的概念，并在此基础上剖析了公力救济与自力救济的不同。第二部分:“环境侵权自力救济的正当性”。以“社会伦理”、“法理基石”、“现实依据”为基点，分别展开论述环境侵权自力救济的合理性和可能性。第三部分:“环境侵权自力救济的实现”。对环境侵权自力救济的实现途径和要件进行论述，进一步指明各途径所具有的法律效力。第四部分:“环境侵权自力救济的合理定位”。该部分从环境侵权自力救济的性质和法律地位两个方面，对环境侵权自力救济该如何合理定位进行了论述，进一步明确了环境侵权自力救济存在的合理空间。
[Abstract]:There are generally three kinds of relief methods of environmental tort: public relief, social relief, self-help relief, in which public relief is in the central position, social relief is in the ascendant, but only self-help relief is seldom affected. Theoretical research is in a state of disorder, the national level is still very cautious or even negative attitude to this. However, due to the weakness of public relief, coupled with the self-help has a certain rationality. The phenomenon of self-help exists in the society. In modern civil society, public relief of environmental tort has become the main means to protect citizens' environmental rights, and public relief has firmly stood in the foreground of history. And in the right relief structure occupied the central elements of the position. However, in reality, even a continuously developed and complete system is difficult to solve a problem satisfactorily. Not to mention an imperfect system. In the era of rule of law, self-help, including environmental tort relief, has long been regarded as a barbaric, backward and uncivilized phenomenon. The law does its utmost to prohibit this kind of irrational self-help behavior, and the self-help has a long historical origin, which has a natural advantage over the public remedy in efficiency and cost. And environmental pollution and damage are often first perceived by the obligee, which can play a preventive role in environmental protection. Therefore, it still plays an important role in maintaining social order in practice. Therefore, the self-help of environmental tort has its own living space. Therefore, we can neither blindly deny the self-help of environmental tort, nor emphasize its rationality one-sidedly. However, how to define the scope and means of self-help in the situation that the system ignores the self-help of environmental tort is necessary to pay attention to its rationality and legitimacy. How to regulate the self-help by law will become a difficult problem that any country under the rule of law must face. The premise of solving this problem lies in the understanding of the legitimacy of self-help relief. Therefore, we must probe into the existence foundation, the value and the function of the self-help, and on the basis of it, we should make a reasonable positioning of the self-help in the society ruled by law. So as to guide the subject of the right to carry out legal self-relief behavior, to maintain a harmonious social order. The main part of the article focuses on the following aspects: The first part: "the basic connotation of the self-relief of environmental tort". Taking the environmental group events as an example, this paper leads to the research object of the article, through the analysis of environmental tort and self-help relief. The concept of self-relief for environmental tort is gradually clarified, and on this basis, the difference between public relief and self-relief is analyzed. The second part: "the legitimacy of self-relief of environmental tort". "Social ethics", "legal cornerstone", "realistic basis" It discusses the rationality and possibility of environmental tort relief. The third part: "the realization of the self-relief of environmental tort". It discusses the ways and conditions of realizing the self-relief of environmental tort, and further points out the legal effect of each way. Part 4th: "the reasonable position of the self-help of environmental tort". This part discusses how to reasonably position the self-relief of environmental tort from two aspects: the nature and the legal status of the self-relief of environmental tort. It further clarifies the reasonable space for the existence of environmental tort relief.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.68

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