论我国适足饮水权的司法保障

发布时间：2018-01-14 12:40

本文关键词：论我国适足饮水权的司法保障　出处：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：饮水安全问题已经成为一个世界性的问题，安全饮用水的缺乏已经严重威胁到人类的生存。基于此，，如何加强对公民饮水权的保护成为国际上普遍关注的话题。适足饮水权是指人作为人所应当享有的，向国家或政府主张用于个人和家庭生活的充足、安全、便于获取的供水的权利。适足饮水权是每一个自然人所应当享有的权利。国家或政府在保障公民适足饮水权上负有不可推卸的责任。国家应该充分保障公民的适足饮水权，这不仅仅是因为适足饮水权属于人权，更是因为它是一项基本人权，其基本人权属性有着充足的理论依据。适足饮水权不是孤立的存在，它同生命权、健康权等一系列人权都有着千丝万缕的联系。目前我国饮水现状极为严峻，存在着饮水数量不足，饮水质量过差，农村获取安全饮用水难的问题。要解决这些问题，司法无疑起着至关重要的作用，但我国司法在适足饮水权的保障上还存在很多不足之处，主要表现在：司法保障公民适足饮水权缺乏足够的法律依据；现有的诉讼形式无法为公民适足饮水权提供充分有效的保障；司法不独立、违宪审查权缺失制约了司法人权保障功能的发挥；法院审理水污染案件存在技术上的不足；法律援助制度不完善降低了公民获得救济的可能性。这些不足严重制约了司法在适足饮水权保障上发挥应有的作用。无救济则无权利，完善我国适足饮水权司法保障制度迫在眉睫，并且是可行的。《世界人权宣言》、《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》以及《第15号一般性意见：水权》为以司法的方式保障适足饮水权提供了坚实的国际法基础。南非及印度的司法实践为适足饮水权的司法保障提供了可供借鉴的经验。因此，在立足我国实际并吸收国外经验的基础上，可以从以下几方面对适足饮水权的司法保障制度进行完善，即完善宪法、部门法以及地方性法规等相关法律制度，为适足饮水权司法保障提供充分的法律依据；建立宪法诉讼制度，完善行政诉讼制度，积极实现公民的适足饮水权；实现司法独立，赋予法院违宪审查权，以树立司法权威；完善环保法庭建设；完善法律援助制度，保证人人都有能够获得法律救济；同国际接轨，参照国际条约的相关规定来促进我国适足饮水权的实现。
[Abstract]:Drinking water security has become a worldwide problem, the lack of safe drinking water has seriously threatened the survival of mankind. Based on this. How to strengthen the protection of citizens' right to drinking water has become a topic of universal concern in the world. The right to adequate drinking water refers to the people as human beings should enjoy, to state or government to advocate for the adequacy and security of personal and family life. The right to easy access to water. The right to adequate drinking water is the right of every natural person. The State or the Government has an unshirkable responsibility to guarantee the right of citizens to adequate drinking water. The right to adequate drinking water. This is not only because the right to adequate drinking water is a human right, but also because it is a basic human right, and its basic human rights attribute has sufficient theoretical basis. The right to adequate drinking water is not an isolated existence, it is the same as the right to life. The right to health and a series of human rights are inextricably linked. At present, the status of drinking water in China is extremely serious, there is insufficient quantity of drinking water, drinking water quality is too poor. In order to solve these problems, the administration of justice undoubtedly plays a vital role, but there are still many deficiencies in the protection of the right to adequate drinking water in our country. The main manifestations are: judicial protection of citizens' right to adequate drinking water lack of adequate legal basis; The existing forms of litigation cannot provide adequate and effective protection for citizens' right to adequate drinking water; The lack of judicial independence and the lack of constitutional review power restrict the function of judicial human rights protection; There are technical deficiencies in the court hearing water pollution cases; Imperfect legal aid system reduces the possibility of citizens to obtain relief. These deficiencies seriously restrict the role of justice in the guarantee of the right to adequate drinking water. Without relief, there is no right. It is urgent and feasible to perfect the judicial guarantee system of the right to adequate drinking water in our country. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights", "economy". International Covenant on Social and Cultural Rights and General comment No. 15:. The right to water provides a solid foundation of international law for the judicial protection of the right to adequate drinking water. The judicial practice of South Africa and India provides the experience for reference for the judicial guarantee of the right to adequate drinking water. Based on the reality of our country and absorbing the experience of foreign countries, we can perfect the judicial guarantee system of the right to adequate drinking water from the following aspects, that is, perfect the constitution, department law and local laws and regulations and other relevant legal systems. (a) provide an adequate legal basis for the judicial guarantee of the right to adequate drinking water; Establish constitutional litigation system, perfect administrative litigation system, and actively realize citizens' right to adequate drinking water; To realize the independence of the judiciary and to endow the court with the power to review the violation of the constitution in order to establish the judicial authority; Perfecting the construction of environmental court; Improve the legal aid system to ensure that everyone has access to legal remedies; In line with international standards, the right to adequate drinking water can be realized by referring to the relevant provisions of international treaties.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D925.3;D922.66

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