德、日等国循环经济法制比较及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-01-26 09:18

本文关键词： 循环经济法制比较研究　出处：《山西财经大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 所谓循环经济,是指在经济发展过程中,遵循生态规律,以废物减量化、再利用、资源化为原则,以抑制产生、回收使用、再生利用、热回收、无害化合理处置为顺序的经济活动,目的在于保护环境、节约资源、促进经济和社会发展。在我国,建立循环经济模式,"走最有效利用资源和保持环境为基础的循环经济之路,可持续发展才能实现"。而要实现循环经济模式,必须建立起有效的法制保障。本文首先确立了运用比较法学的方法,基于中国循环经济建设,通过对国外特别是德日等发达国家的循环经济法律体系进行宏观和微观的比较研究,提出我国建立循环经济法制的基本思路和技术路线。在该思路指导下,全文共分三部分,第一部分是对循环经济法制进行界说;第二部分是对国外循环经济法制进行比较;第三部分是通过比较后,阐述对我国循环经济法制建设的启示。在第一部分中,本文首先明确了循环经济的涵义,阐述了循环经济的特征,指出了循环经济本质上是一种生态经济,是物质闭环流动型经济的简称,它要求用生态学规律来指导人类社会的经济活动,其建立是依赖于一组以“减量化(Reduce)、再利用(Reuse)、再循环(Recycle)”为内容的运行原则(称为3R原则)。在此基础上,本文从调整对象和方法入手,明确了循环经济的概念,并阐述了循环经济法具有既要兼顾环境正义和环境安全的实现,又要满足人们对经济自由和经济效率的追求的价值,明确提出作为规制经济管理手段的法律之一,循环经济法属于经济法部门。在第二部分中,本文以循环经济立法走在世界前列的德、日为目标比较国,以美国为备选国,从立法理念、立法模式、基本法律制度、调控手段等四个方面对目标国循环经济法制进行了比较。比较中本文引用了大量翔实的文献与资料。通过比较,使我们了解了德日等发达国家在建立循环经济法中都确立了把人类健康和保护环境放在第一位,并坚持在源头上治污的立法理念;了解了单行法立法和混合立法的模式,比较出单行法立法模式更具有积极的意义;了解了德日的基本法律制度,并对其诸如税收、财政环境投入与信贷鼓励制度、排污权交易及环境标志等调控制度进行了比较。在第三部分中,本文提出了我国循环经济法制借鉴国外经验的原则及对我国循环经济法基本原则、体系构架、基本制度等方面的启示,此部分是本论文的重点。本文认为借鉴国外成功经验要坚持“大胆移植、包容现状、有所创新、易于操作”的指导原则;认为我国循环经济法要坚持“促进经济、社会和环境协调发展、尊重自然和遵守生态规律、‘3R’、政府主导、扩大生产者责任、受益者补偿、公众参与”等七项原则;在此基础上,本文对我国循环经济法律体系进行了构想,明确提出我国立法模式应采取单行法立法模式;本文还对我国循环经济基本法律制度构建进行了设想,提出了从强制性法律、指导性法律制度、经济刺激法律制度、公众参与法律制度四个方面进行基本法律制度构建。通过以上论述,本文在结论中指出:我国已经具备了制订循环经济法的条件,可以借鉴国外成功经验,采用制订《循环经济促进法》与制订有关的单项法规规章同步进行的立法方式进行立法。
[Abstract]:The so-called circular economy, which is in the process of economic development, to follow the laws of ecology, waste reduction, reuse, recycle principle, to suppress the generation, recycling, recycling, heat recovery, reasonable disposal of harmless order of economic activities, to protect the environment, conserve resources, promote economic and social the development in our country, the establishment of a recycling economy, "take the most effective use of resources and maintain the environment based on circular economy, sustainable development can be achieved. In order to realize the mode of circular economy, we must establish effective legal protection.
This paper first established using the method of comparative law, the construction of circular economy based on Chinese, especially through the foreign comparative study of macro and micro developed countries such as Germany and Japan, the legal system of circular economy, put forward the basic ideas and technical route of establishing legal system of circular economy in China. Under the guidance of this idea, the paper is divided into three parts, the first part is about the definition of the economic cycle; the second part is the comparison of the foreign legal system of circular economy; the third part is through the comparison, elaborated on the construction of circular economy legal system in China's enlightenment.
In the first part, this paper firstly defines the meaning of circular economy, expounds the characteristics of circular economy, pointed out that the circular economy is essentially a kind of ecological economy, is referred to as the closed-loop flow of material based economy, it demands for social ecology to guide economic activities and relies on the establishment of a group to "reduction, reuse (Reduce) (Reuse), recycling (Recycle)" as an operating principle (called 3R principle). Based on this, this article from the perspective of targets and methods, clear the concept of circular economy, and expounds the law of circular economy is not only to achieve environmental justice and environmental the safety of the people, but also to meet the pursuit of economic freedom and economic efficiency value, clearly put forward the legal regulation as one of economic management means, circular economy law belongs to the economic law department.
In the second part, based on the legislation of circular economy at the forefront of the world's target for the country, compared to the United States, for the alternative country, from the legislative idea, legislative mode, the basic legal system, four aspects of control means compares the goal of legal system of the circular economy. Compared to the literature and a large amount of data. By comparison, we can understand that the Germany and Japan and other developed countries in the establishment of circular economy law have established the human health and protect the environment in the first place, and adhere to the legislative idea of pollution at the source; understand the mode of law legislation and legislative comparison, legislative mode of law has more positive significance; understand the basic legal system of Germany and Japan, and the financial environment such as tax, investment and credit incentive system, emissions trading and environmental labeling regulation system are compared.
In the third part, this article proposed our country legal system of circular economy of foreign experience and principles of circular economy law in our country, the basic principle, system structure, basic system and other aspects, this part is the focus of this paper. This paper argues that the successful experience from abroad to adhere to the "bold transplantation, inclusive situation, innovation. The guiding principles of" easy to operate; the recycling economy law of our country should adhere to the principle of "promoting economic, social and environmental coordinated development, respect for nature and abide by the laws of ecology," 3R ", the government leading, extended producer responsibility, benefit compensation, public participation and the seven principles; on this basis, this paper carried on the idea on the legal system of circular economy in China, put forward the legislation of our country should adopt the law legislation mode; the construction of the basic legal system of circular economy in China was conceived, put forward from the mandatory law Law, guidance legal system, economic stimulus legal system, public participation in the legal system four aspects of the basic legal system construction.
Through the above discussion, the paper points out that our country already has the conditions for formulating the circular economy law, and can draw lessons from the successful experience of other countries, and make legislation by making the circular economy promotion law and making related regulations and regulations.

【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D912.6;D912.29;F205

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