森林可持续经营法制保障体系研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 18:48

本文关键词： 森林资源可持续经营法制化保障体系　出处：《南京林业大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 森林可持续经营越来越受到人们的关注和重视,在标准和目标的制定、技术的提高、政策的保障等方面都有比较多的研究,但对如何建立规范高效的森林可持续经营法制保障体系研究较少。本文以实现森林可持续经营为目标,以现代林业理论、可持续发展理论、现代产权理论、自然资源法理论为基础,采用历史文献法、实地调研法、对比分析法、系统研究法、个案分析法等方法对森林可持续经营法制保障体系进行了研究。研究的主要结论如下: (1)国无法而不治,民无法而不立。依法治林是维护森林生态系统协调、稳定发展的前提,是维护生态安全、实施林业可持续发展战略的基础,是保护森林资源,保障森林的可持续经营措施之一,必须要加大对破坏森林资源各种行为的打击力度,维护好林区的社会治安秩序。 (2)临安是我国最早进行森林可持续经营的试点区域之一,在保障森林可持续经营方面采取了一系列措施,取得了较大的成绩,特别是在森林可持续经营立法及执法方面走在了全国的前列,但也存在一些问题。通过实地调研,对构建全国森林可持续经营法制保障体系具有重要的实践意义。 (3)通过研究,指出我国在森林可持续经营立法方面存在立法目标、原则与现代林业发展的形势结合度不高;立法的层次较低;立法思想过多地注重了森林作为自然体的价值,没有考虑其生态价值、社会价值;对法律的宣传力度不够,社会影响力较低,公众参与力低;在物证鉴定方面机构不健全,没有统一的鉴定标准,法律条文中规定较少等问题。 (4)通过研究,指出我国森林可持续经营执法方面存在执法者数量不足;执法人员业务水平偏低;执法机构不健全,各机构之间协调性不够,职能划分不清;存在政府干预、执法腐败现象;存在重实体法,轻程序法的现象;执法经费及设备保障不足;执法监督机构不健全,执法监督队伍业务水平不高,执法监督依据不完善等问题。 (5)借鉴国外先进经验,提出牢固树立依法治林,实现森林可持续经营的理念;实行政企分开、责权利相统一的管理体制;建立完善的法律法规;保持法律的连续性和稳定性;加大法律的宣传和全民参与力度;进行有效、严格地执法,加大执法监督;加强森林资源与生态状况监测,及时掌握森林资源消长和生态变化情况,为政府决策、社会咨询、公众服务提供准确信息。 (6)提出从林木种苗、植物检疫、森林病虫害防治、野生动植物保护、森林防火、森林采伐、林地管理、森林分类经营、生态公益林保护、森林权属管理、森林认证等方面构建完备的林业法律法规体系的设想。强调更新立法理念,树立生态优先的立法思想,注重森林的生态效益、社会效益;围绕现代林业建设的新形势、新需要,与实际情况紧密结合,加大法律法规的宣传力度。 (7)提出了加强林业行政执法、刑事执法、执法监督的具体对策,强调要改变执法理念,加强执法队伍建设,加大对执法人员的培训力度,提高执法者的水平,掌握执法技巧;健全执法机构,实行林业行政综合执法;完善执法程序;加强执法监督,突出执法主体资格的合法性,防止法制腐败现象的发生,提高监督效率;加强执法质量考核,完善考评标准,真正做到奖优罚劣,提高执法者的积极性。 (8)研究了林地面积、林木蓄积量的司法鉴定方法,创新性地提出了应根据具体案情采用不同的鉴定方法,提高鉴定的精度,统一鉴定标准并写入法律条文中。建议成立各级森林案件司法鉴定机构,提高鉴定结果的权威性。 (9)创新性地提出了建立林业法律实施效果评价的指标体系,并首次采用层次分析法、灰色综合分析法分别对林业法律实施效果进行了评价,提出了各种方法的适用条件及评价时应注意的问题,并用建立的模型对实证区和全国的林业法律实施情况进行了评价。
[Abstract]:The sustainable management of forests is more and more attention and attention , but there are many researches on how to establish a standard and efficient legal system for sustainable management of forests , but it is mainly based on the theory of modern forestry , sustainable development theory , modern property rights theory and natural resources law theory . ( 1 ) The State cannot but not rule , and the people are unable to stand . According to the law , the forest is the precondition of maintaining the coordination and stable development of the forest ecosystem . It is the foundation of maintaining the ecological security and implementing the sustainable development strategy of the forestry . It is one of the measures to protect the forest resources and ensure the sustainable management of the forests . It is necessary to strengthen the fight against various acts of forest resources and safeguard the social order of the forest area . ( 2 ) Lin ' an is one of the earliest pilot regions of sustainable forest management in China . A series of measures have been taken to ensure the sustainable management of forests . ( 3 ) Through the research , it is pointed out that there are legislative objectives in the legislation of sustainable forest management in our country , the combination degree of the principle and the modern forestry development is not high , the level of the legislation is lower , the legislative thought pays more attention to the value of the forest as the natural body , does not take into account its ecological value and social value ; ( 4 ) Through the research , it is pointed out that there is not enough law enforcement personnel in the law enforcement of sustainable forest management in our country ; the law enforcement personnel is low ; the law enforcement agencies are not perfect ; the coordination between the agencies is not enough ; the functions are divided ; there is the phenomenon of government intervention and law enforcement corruption ; the law enforcement funds and equipment security are insufficient ; the law enforcement supervision institutions are not perfect , the operation level of the law enforcement supervision team is not high , and the basis of law enforcement supervision is imperfect . ( 5 ) To draw lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries , put forward the idea of firmly establishing legal forest management , realizing sustainable management of forests ; establishing perfect laws and regulations ; maintaining the continuity and stability of laws ; strengthening the propaganda of laws ; strengthening law enforcement supervision ; strengthening the monitoring of forest resources and ecological conditions ; and providing accurate information for government decision - making , social consultation and public service . ( 6 ) Put forward the idea of constructing complete forestry laws and regulations system from forest seedling , plant quarantine , forest pest control , wild animal and plant protection , forest fire prevention , forest harvesting , forest management , forest classification management , ecological public welfare forest protection , forest ownership management and forest certification . ( 7 ) To put forward specific countermeasures to strengthen the administrative law enforcement , criminal law enforcement and law enforcement supervision in forestry , emphasize the need to change the concept of law enforcement , strengthen the construction of law enforcement personnel , strengthen the training of law enforcement personnel , improve the level of law enforcement personnel , improve the law enforcement procedures , strengthen the law enforcement supervision , emphasize the legality of the qualification of the main body of law enforcement , prevent the occurrence of the corruption of the legal system , improve the supervision efficiency , strengthen the law enforcement quality assessment , improve the evaluation standards , truly achieve the rewards and advantages and improve the initiative of the law enforcement . ( 8 ) The method of judicial appraisal of forest land area and forest volume is studied . It is proposed that different appraisal methods should be adopted according to the specific case , the accuracy of appraisal is improved , the standard is unified and written into the legal provision . It is suggested to set up judicial appraisal institutions of forest cases at all levels to improve the authority of appraisal results . ( 9 ) The index system for evaluating the effect of forestry laws is put forward , and the AHP method is used for the first time . Grey comprehensive analysis method is used to evaluate the implementation effect of forestry laws . The application conditions and problems of various methods are put forward , and the establishment model is used to evaluate the implementation of forestry laws in the country and the country .

【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.63;F326.2

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